tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71328490490950175762024-02-19T08:02:01.187-08:00Argumentative Essay WritingJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.comBlogger1237125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-4177434991287551682020-08-26T13:02:00.001-07:002020-08-26T13:02:05.215-07:00The Impact of Anthrax on Livestock-Free-Samples for StudentsQuestion: Examine the Impact of Anthrax on Livestock. Answer: Presentation: Bacillus anthracis is a zoonotic illness that is brought about by vigorous, gram-positive spore-shaping microscopic organisms. It can likewise influence people and a wide assortment of creatures; anyway in lion's share of the cases in Victoria have seen the effect of Bacillus anthracis on domesticated animals, particularly on cows and sheep. There was an unexpected passing among the steers and sheep and before the demise; creatures may mirror the indications of higher fever. On the off chance that domesticated animals begin to bite the dust out of nowhere in spite of there is no history of Bacillus anthracis on property Bacillus anthracis may end up being the reasonable justification. Conversation: Domesticated animals falls under the creature item and there are inexhaustible measure of physical, organic and financial components that demonstration together to impact the idea of outer farming rehearsed in Victoria (Taussig, 2013). Infection occurring from both temperature and precipitation can make an effect on the creatures capacity to live and to be profitable in a few different ways. The financial conditions may make a significant effect on the sort and nature of animals items created. The fundamental purpose behind the creation of domesticated animals items mirrors that they are in enormous interest because of the needs of the buyer. Except if there is a higher arrangement of extra taking care of or handling in the midst of the makers and the buyers, fundamental plant nourishments must be more affordable than the creature items. As individuals in a few nations would spend an enormous piece of their removal pay on food animals items, their essential need ought to be bought for oats, roots, tubers and vegetables so it can fulfill the supplement necessities. At the point when people with limited pay do buy creatures items and they are to a great extent intrigued by the amount, which can be acquired for a specific total of cash rather than quality. Explicit infections may, for example, Bacillus anthracis may discourage or lessen the creation in Victoria and this ends up being the central point making an effect on the nearness of domesticated animals (Sloman et al., 2013). It is critical to mean that tropical atmosphere is appropriate for nearness of endoparasites and ectoparasites, which lives in or on a particular creature animal types for at any rate a base piece of their life cycle. These sorts of parasites fight with their hosts for supplements that eventually drops down their profitability and development. Considering the market harmony during the crossing point of gracefully and request bend it brings about market balance. The proportional value shows the balance cost or market-clearing cost where the interest for the amount is identical to the amount (Bernanke et al., 2015). Assembling the bends of flexibly and request from the above expressed area these two bends will be interconnected at the degree of cost and amount. Under this sort of market, the balance cost is thought to be $6 per unit and the balance amount is thought to be roughly 20 units. Thus, under such sort of value level, the market is thought to be harmony level. The gracefully of amount is equal to the interest of amount (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). Given the market cost is higher than the harmony value, the flexibly of amount is higher than the amount requested which has brought about overflow that tends to diminishing costs in the market. Figure 1: Figure speaking to advertise balance (Source: Goodwin et al., 2015) The creature items have positive salary versatility of interest. This speaks to that as the salary of the buyer rises the utilization example will likewise change and there will be more interest of the creature items, for example, meat, eggs and milk. This structures the prime explanation that notwithstanding the effect of malady domesticated animals item holds a noticeable and developing spot in the cultivating economy. Given that the salary of the Australian individual is foreseen to rise, the interest for the creature items is foreseen to ascend also (Goodwin et al., 2015). The interest is generally to be satisfied by the local flexibly and this clears the purpose behind a need to support the current creation and development. Domesticated animals creation in the arrangement of blended cultivating makes a positive natural externalities which comprises of land sparing emerging out of the reusing of the agrarian side-effects. It additionally helps in sparing of concoction composts in view of the utilization of waste as excrement alongside the anticipation of discharge of carbon dioxide because of the creature vitality in farming. Animals creation in the blended cultivating helps in sparing or reusing the side-effect crops. This sort of land sparing makes a positive ecological effect. Besides, if the farming apparatus replaces working animals, it would require an additional measure of fuel and may prompt emanation of CO2 from the consuming petroleum derivative. It is the emanation of carbon dioxide that is disallowed by the domesticated animals (Arena Qur, 2016). The current examination accept that the tractors are just apparatus that is utilized and have comparable force and the working of sheep doesn't make contrasts in their work limit. End: The examination essentially features that malady happening from both temperature and precipitation can make an effect on the creatures capacity to live and to be profitable in a few different ways. The creature items have positive pay versatility of interest. Since the pay of the Australian individual is foreseen to rise, the interest for the creature items is foreseen to increment also. Reference list: Field, R., Qur, M. (Eds.). (2016).The financial matters of Alfred Marshall: returning to Marshall's inheritance. Springer. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015).Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern standards of financial matters. Palgrave Macmillan. Goodwin, N., Harris, J. M., Nelson, J. A., Roach, B., Torras, M. (2015).Principles of Economics in Context. Routledge. Sloman, J., Norris, K., Garrett, D. (2013).Principles of financial matters. Pearson Higher Education AU. Taussig, F. W. (2013).Principles of financial matters (Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc.. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-20650659082099904902020-08-22T08:16:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:16:17.826-07:00Dementia awarenessClarify what is implied by demtia: Dementia is a term that is utilized when the cerebrum is influenced by various diseses or conditions. Portray the key elements of the mind influenced by dementia: The key elements of the cerebrum influenced by dementia are-handling information,language,memory,ability to make sound Judements. Clarify why gloom, wooziness and age related memory weakness might be confused with dementia: They might be confused with dementia in light of the fact that the symtoms are simular eg ild psychological disability, lack of concern, disarray, poor memory, low concentration.Understand key highlights of the hypothetical models of dementia Outline the clinical model of dementia: Expert control, reliance upon specialists refusal of personhood, not perceiving the social setting, qualification among typical and neurotic, individualisation of practices, accusing the individual, tratment of the sickness. Layout the social model of dementia: Interaction of organic and soci al elements, significance of networks and social etworks, job of financial variables, political components, acknowledgment of personhood, impacts of empowerment.Explain why dementia ought to be seen as an inability: Dementia ought to be seen as an incapacity since individuals who have dementia are in danger of mischief, and are vunerable Know the most widely recognized sorts of dementia and their causes List the most well-known reasons for dementia+ their side effects: Alzheimers malady: causes-changes in science and structure of the mind, passing of synapses, signs and manifestations memory misfortune identified with late events,familiar experts, disarray about time of day, natural items and faces, finding the privilege word.Lewy body dementia: causes-improvement of lewy bodies inside the nerve cells, degeneration of cerebrum tissue, signs and side effects memory misfortune, critical thinking, disarray and ridiculousness, servere phychotic symtoms, for example, persistant mental tr ips. Vascular dementia: causes-impacts of a stroke+a arrangement of little strokes, signs and manifestations memory misfortune dizzyness, slurred discourse, impacts development, rapid+shuffing steps, leg/arm shortcoming, loss of inside/bladder control.Fronto-transient dementia: causes-collection of proteins, improvement of pick bodies, signs and side effects absence of knowledge, powerlessness to accentuate, changing or improper conduct, loss of restraints, advancement of habitual ceremonies. Hazard factors-age related eg, more severe hypertension, changes to nerve cells, DNA cell structure, body fixes itself more slow. Commonness rates : individuals with clinical history like downs disorder, hiv, and people groups ways of life eg-abundance liquor, absence of activity, wrong diet.Understand tactors identifying with a people experience ot dementia Describe now ifferent people may encounter living with dementia relying upon age, sort of dementia, and level of capacity and inability: E very person with dementia are going to encounter it extraordinary, on the grounds that everybodys wellbeing circumstances are unique, age, area, interpersonal organizations, some may have support from loved ones and some might be separated from everyone else, Behavior of others: Behavior of others can have any kind of effect for somebody with dementia eg, care laborers, colleages, chiefs, language teachers, support groups.If having this help will make the people experience better than without the help. Dementia mindfulness A portion of these things old be side effects of dementia however they could Just be a memory Impairment. 2. 1 The average model of dementia feels that it is more critical to treat the illness as opposed to the individual. It centers around the impedance as the issue and looks to make reliance. The social model of dementia spotlight's on the person. Also, attempt's to guarantee the individual's capacities are kept up. By finding out about every individual, the consideration and backing can be planned properly for the person's needs. 2. 3 Dementia ought to be classed as an inability in light of the fact that as the malady advances, the more help the individual needs.They could be uninformed of the medicine they have to take, guarantee that they are eating/drinking. Keeping up close to home cleanliness. Every person with dementia is extraordinary so they needs the consideration and backing to keep up a decent life. 3. 1 Alchemist's. Vascular dementia-when the oxygen doesn't arrive at t he cerebrum. ; Eely Bodies. Front-Temporal Dementia. 3. 2 and 3. 3 Signs and indications of Alchemist's are: Minor memory issues Trouble saying the correct words. Bewilderment Mood swings Behavior changes The hazard factors for Alchemist's are: Age-a great many people are 65+ and probability copies at regular intervals. ;Qualities (heredity) Signs and manifestations of vascular dementia are: Difficulties with finishing undertakings. Memory misfortune Mental disarray Low ability to focus Wandering in the night Stroke like manifestations The hazard factors for vascular dementia are: Increasing age History of respiratory failures, strokes or smaller than usual strokes. Elevated cholesterol and pulse Diabetes Smoking Signs and indications of dementia in the Eely bodies: Visual fantasies Delusions Muscle firmness Slower developments Shaking and trembling Problems resting Risk factors for dementia in the Eely bodies are: Dementia in the Family history your danger of getting it.Signs and s ide effects of Front-fleeting dementia: Aggression Compulsive conduct Being effectively occupied Lack of enthusiasm of washing themselves. 3. 4 Prevalence rates for dementia in the UK are: 40-64 years: 1 out of 1400 65-69 years: 1 out of 100 70-79 years: 1 29 80* years: 1 out of 5 4. 1 Everyone who has dementia is an individual and will be at various phases of their dementia. A more established individual with Eely bodies' dementia may require more help with regular daily existence errands than a more seasoned individual with Alchemist's. This could be on the grounds that the amount they can do with the sickness they have.A individual with Eely bodies' psychological may require help with eating and drinking than an individual with Alchemist's as they can't hold adorably in light of the fact that their body shakes however the individual with Alchemist's will be fine eating and drinking. A more youthful individual with dementia may have various interests to somebody who is 82 and has dementia. The help ought to be there to meet everybody singular needs. 4. 2 Other may act well to an individual who has dementia since they realize what is up with the individual and has some information and comprehension. An individual who has no comprehension of dementia could have wrong Judgments and suspicions of an individual with dementia. Dementia mindfulness Clarify what is implied by demtia: Dementia is a term that is utilized when the mind is influenced by various diseses or conditions. Portray the key elements of the mind influenced by dementia: The key elements of the cerebrum influenced by dementia are-preparing information,language,memory,ability to make sound Judements. Clarify why despondency, wooziness and age related memory hindrance might be confused with dementia: They might be confused with dementia in light of the fact that the symtoms are simular eg ild subjective disability, aloofness, disarray, poor memory, low concentration.Understand key highlights of the hypothetical models of dementia Outline the clinical model of dementia: Expert control, reliance upon specialists forswearing of personhood, not perceiving the social setting, qualification among ordinary and obsessive, individualisation of practices, accusing the individual, tratment of the sickness. Framework the social model of dementia: Interaction of organic and social variables, significance of networks and social etworks, job of financial components, political elements, acknowledgment of personhood, impacts of empowerment.Explain why dementia ought to be seen as a handicap: Dementia ought to be seen as an inability since individuals who have dementia are in danger of mischief, and are vunerable Know the most widely recognized sorts of dementia and their causes List the most well-known reasons for dementia+ their side effects: Alzheimers illness: causes-changes in science and structure of the cerebrum, demise of synapses, signs and manifestations memory misfortune identified with ongoing events,familiar experts, disarray about time of day, natural articles and faces, finding the privilege word.Lewy body dementia: causes-improvement of lewy bodies inside the nerve cells, degeneration of mind tissue, signs and side effects memory misfortune, critical thinking, disarray and wooziness, servere phychotic symtoms, for example, persistant mental trips. Vascular dementia: causes-impacts of a stroke+a arrangement of little strokes, signs and indications memory misfortune dizzyness, slurred discourse, impacts development, rapid+shuffing steps, leg/arm shortcoming, loss of gut/bladder control.Fronto-transient dementia: causes-gathering of proteins, advancement of pick bodies, signs and manifestations absence of understanding, powerlessness to stress, changing or unseemly conduct, loss of restraints, improvement of impulsive ceremonies. Hazard factors-age related eg, worse hypertension, changes to nerve cells, DNA cell structure, body fixes itself more slow. Pervasiveness rates : individuals with clinical history like downs disorder, hiv, and people groups ways of life eg-overabundance liquor, absence of activity, unseemly diet.Understand tactors identifying with a people experience ot dementia Describe now ifferent people may encounter living with dementia relying upon age, kind of dementia, and level of capacity and incapacity : Every person with dementia are going to encounter it extraordinary, on the grounds that everybodys wellbeing circumstances are unique, age, area, interpersonal organizations, some may have support from loved ones and some might be distant from everyone else, Behavior of others: Behavior of others can have any kind of effect for somebody with dementia eg, care laborers, colleages, supervisors, language teachers, support groups.If having this help will make the people experience better than without the help. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-76890246151082816322020-08-19T18:44:00.001-07:002020-08-19T18:44:03.200-07:00Where to ParkWhere to Park When one attends the University of Illinois, they will find a time when they need to park on campus. The experience can be a nerve-racking, stressful, and surprisingly difficult situation. After being on campus for nearly a semester, I have had some eventful moments parking, including lack of signage, meter madness, and simple logistical woes. Courtesy: IP Innovations One of the first parking experiences I had was when I needed to get to a class in little time. Not knowing about parking phone apps and places to park beforehand, I rushed to the building of my lecture, only to find nowhere to park. Later, I settled for a spot a block away, but had no change to pay. Luckily, I found that there was a phone app, Mobile Meter, to pay. With that, I made it to class on time and just want to recommend planning parking ahead on campus. Another adventure was the result of a class which went over on time. When on campus, one has to remember that non-permit parking is timed, and as a result, needs to be calculated. I made the mistake of assuming normal class time and came out to a parking ticket for $10. It was a small price to pay for learning how to park on a large campusâ"or city, for that matter. It also brought up the lesson that campus parking is something which you need to think about with room for error or great consideration. In other words, add extra meter time and remember when you must re-attend you car. Courtesy: Meridian City Lastly, the final lesson I could share relates to the time in which I parked in an unmarked lot on campus near another lecture building. All of the lots I had seen before had signs all over for permit parking and meters. However, to my surprise, I found on my way out a notice of parking in a permit space. Lucky for me I was able to appeal the fine because of the lack of notification, and in the process, I learned no parking spot is free on campus, no matter how badly labeled. Courtesy: Strivin 2 Be Green Hence, parking can be a bother at the University of Illinois without knowing details such as these. A student needs to remember that to park, they need to plan out their trip and lot ahead of time, keep track of the meter time, and never assume a section on campus has free parking available. Truly the best options are to walk, bus, or bike to class. Jacob Class of 2018 I am a transfer student studying Engineering Physics in the College of Engineering. I started with the Illinois Engineering Pathways program through the College of DuPage. I am from Naperville, Illinois. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-15043468747094426902020-05-24T12:03:00.001-07:002020-05-24T12:03:04.339-07:00Rugby World Cup 2015 Essay Example for College Students - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2454 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Despite widespread publication of a positive economic impact resulting from the Rugby World Cup in 2015, issues such as overspending, forecasting accuracy, and the focus of the reporting itself, suggests there are also factors which may materially reduce the overall impact. Because of this, it is possible the widely publicised outlook for this event is overly optimistic. This report will critically analyse the direct, indirect and induced economic impact of the Rugby World Cup 2015 for England. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rugby World Cup 2015 Essay Example for College Students" essay for you Create order Beginning with a summary of the economic impact, issues will then be examined with reference to the stated impacts, relevant literature, and comparable events around the world such as previous Rugby World Cups. The analysis concludes that the economic impact of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, while sizeable, may not be as significant as predicted. Summary of Economic Impacts A report by Ernst Young forecasts a number of economic benefits to the 2015 Rugby World Cup, including over $2 million in economic output, and a direct boost to GDP of $463 million (Arnold and Grice, 2015; summarised in Table 1). Media promoting these benefits is widespread, with the Ernst Young report often cited to describe and support the positive impacts of the 2015 Rugby World Cup. The many media examples include Bergson (2015), Menary (2015), and Wilson (2015). Due to the credibility of the financial services firm Ernst Young (Aubin, 2012), as well as the wide-spread publication of these results, the economic impact by Arnold and Grice (2015) will be used as the basis for this analysis, as summarised in Table 1. Contribution Type Impact Category Impact Source Amount (millions) Output Direct Visitor Spend Ticket revenue (international) Infrastructure investment Fanzone spend Stadia spend $869 $68 $85 $5 $13 Indirect and induced $1,165 GDP Direct Visitor spend Ticket revenue (international) Infrastructure contribution Fanzone spend Stadia contribution $391 $29 $35 $2 $6 Indirect and induced $518 Table 1. Summarised from Arnold and Grice (2015, pp18-20) For the purpose of this analysis, direct impact is considered to be initial spending stimulus arising from the event, including infrastructure expenditure and ticket revenue. Indirect economic impacts result from transactions that occur as a result of the initial spending, such as additional tourism expenditure in other areas. Induced impacts are the result of increased consumer spending due to higher income, such as greater support for sports and health overall. These definitions are outlined by Saayman and Saayman (2012, p223) and are consistent with the examples provided in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015). Support and improvements for the Forecasted Economic Impact Financial Stimulus The publicity of a major sporting event is said to improve the local brand overall, resulting in additional foreign investment, including business and tourism. While arguably temporary, this publicity can stimulate activity during a time of economic slowdown, which in turn creates indirect economic impacts such as increased demand for manufacturing, and induced effects such as higher overall employment, in particular in the hospitality industry (Arnold and Grice, 2015; Statistics New Zealand, 2012). While purely financial transactions are not included as part of GDP increases (McConnell et. al, 2010), some GDP growth may occur on the back of a strong financial market, driven by the Rugby World Cup. Increased publicity for the host country, coupled with high consumer excitement and mass sponsorship exposure may explain why share prices tend to improve during mass sporting events. For example, during the 2013 Wimbledon, the 10 largest listed companies in Scotland experienced a 7.5% increase in share price, while the FTSE100 increased by 5.1% (Thanapathy, 2015). In addition, the first trading week following the announcement of a significant sponsorship agreement saw sponsoring companies in the U.S.A. experience significant share price gains (Harrow and Swatek, 2011). While not mentioned in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015), an induced economic impact to the Rugby World Cup may be increasing investment in additional goods and services, as business confidence increases due to the strong financial market. The Multiplier Effect and Social Good An additional contributor to GDP and output is the result of the multiplier effect, that is, the increase in investment bringing about a disproportionate increase in GDP via spending and re-spending (Saayman and Saayman, 2012; McConnell et. al, 2010). The multiplier effect during an event such as the Rugby World Cup is likely to be significant, not only through increased consumer and business spending, but in areas such as an increased interest in sports, which in turn encourages a higher focus on public health overall. The social benefits of large sporting events are evident in the Comrades Marathon, where induced economic impacts included the benefits of increased income and spending reaching the poor. Saayman and Saayman (2012) note that their findings regarding the social benefits of the Comrades Marathon are consistent with broader literature, which also finds the economic impact of large scale sporting events reaches both rich and poor. Thus the direct impact of increased output and income generated by the Rugby World Cup is likely to increase GDP more than the initial investment, creating indirect and induced impacts via the multiplier effect. Including both Domestic and International spend When measuring economic impact, Arnold and Grice (2015) exclude domestic spend on sporting events because, it is argued, this money would remain in the economy regardless, being spent elsewhere if not on the Rugby World Cup. However, domestic spend may also be relevant as this recreational income could easily be spent in a different economy, were it not for this event (Saayman and Saayman, 2012). Given the proximity of England to European destinations, and the cultural relevance of Soccer in England and Europe (Gibbons, 2014), it is likely that English income would be spent in other countries if the Rugby World Cup was held elsewhere à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" either to another destination for a holiday, or to the country hosting the World Cup. During the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand, the second most popular tourist origin was direct from the U.K.; a significant number of additional sports tourists from the U.K. arrived via Australia (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). Thus both dome stic and international expenditure on the Rugby World Cup 2015 is significant. Amending visitor and ticket revenue, and revenue derived from food and beverages, to include domestic consumers may be more accurate than focusing solely on additional international income. New Zealand, for example, note an increase in domestic household spending during the Rugby World Cup 2011, driven primarily by food and beverage, in addition to international spend (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). Similar to the Canadian analysis of Sports Tourism, domestic income may be included on a separate line for clarity and completeness (The Outspan Group Inc, 2009). While this may serve to increase forecasted output by increasing overall predicted spend, as discussed under Forecasting Ticket Sales, it is also possible that international spend reduces the economic impact of domestic expenditure in some areas, as the two may net each other out. Limitations and Challenges to the Forecasted Economic Impact The tendency to over-estimate Historically, the economic impacts of sporting events have been overestimated by host countries (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008; Horrow and Swatek, 2011). For example, the economic impact of the 2002 World Cup fell significantly short of the estimated $31 billion (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008). While GDP and consumption was affected during the 2011 Rugby World Cup, New Zealand reports that it did not contribute to the New Zealand economy, as measured in the BoP and national accounts (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). The Super Bowl XL publicised an economic impact of $300million on the back of sports tourism exceeding expectations, however figures later released by the Michigan Department of Treasury suggest the actual economic impact was negligible (Horrow and Swatek, 2011). It is thus highly possible that the economic impact for England has been similarly over-estimated. Economic Impact Intention As a general rule, economic impact reports measure total, as opposed to net, activity or income (Saayman and Saayman, 2012), and for this reason may appear overly positive compared to more balanced analyses, such as cost-benefit, where expenditure as well as income is considered. While economic impact is sometimes defined as net benefit (Crompton, 2006 in Saayman and Saayman, 2012), the more widely accepted definition is monetary payments as they move through a regional economy for the purpose of measuring the impact of an event as it relates to that economy (Tyrrrell and Johnston, 2006, p3). While omitting additional costs is technically correct, it can seem misleading in journal articles written for the general public, who may be unaware of these definitions. The article by Menary (2015), for example, presents an unrealistically optimistic view of the financial viability of the Rugby World Cup, as the public is only made aware of gains. Direct economic impacts, such as the $68 million in ticket revenue noted in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015) may return a far lower figure once additional costs such as administration have been taken into account. It is possible that GDP and output will increase by the stated amounts, however for a complete picture, more than the standard economic impact should be considered. Forecasting: Ticket Sales as Incremental Income It is possible that locals would attend the Rugby World Cup in place of tourists, were it not for the influx of football fans (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008, p233) à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" a possibility that nets out the impact of international spend on tickets to some degree, since the international income is replacing local income à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" not adding to it. Further understanding local activity à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" the propensity to travel and attend local events is therefore vital in understanding the true economic impact of international spending during the Rugby World Cup in 2015. As noted by Saayman and Saayman (2012, p232): in order to increase the economic benefit of the event, expanding both these markets might be worthwhile. Further, one way Arnold and Grice (2015, p8) forecast ticket revenue and consumer interest is by measuring the historic percentage of seats filled during World Cup Events. While these percentages have hovered around 95% for the past two events, it i s not known how many of these tickets were paid for, given away, or scalped. In the 2000 Olympics, for example, questions were raised regarding the distribution of tickets to sponsors and hospitality companies, while in the 2012 Summer Olympics, London began distributing free tickets to fill stadiums during events (Freid et. al., 2013). Predicting public interest is not as simple as measuring seats filled, and it is possible that increased output as a result of tickets sales is overstated. Timeframe: Impact of one-off vs repetitive events A number of impact drivers for the 2015 Rugby World Cup are short-term, which may help explain why the estimated benefits, in particular the induced benefits and assumptions regarding the multiplier effect, may be overstated. While regular, local events use existing infrastructure, require lower levels of investment, and have ongoing effects (Higham in Ritchie and Adair, 2004, p135), it is possible that larger events experience more temporary economic impacts, as the related investment is for a unique, rather than an ongoing, event. In Japan, for example, Saitama currently spends nearly $4 million per year maintaining a stadium built to host the 2002 Rugby World Cup, despite the venue now only drawing around 20,000 spectators for local sporting events (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008). In the U.S.A., an abundance of abandoned and crumbling sports places exist, many less than 20 years old (Horrow and Swatek, 2011, p3). As noted above under The Tendency to Overestimate, New Zealand exp erienced increased economic activity during the Rugby World Cup in 2011; however the long term impact was not as significant (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). When measuring the economic impact in England, Arnold and Grice (2015, p11) refer to an induced economic impact of further investment on the back of a lasting legacy for the sport. In addition, infrastructure investment is listed as the second most influential direct economic impact. However, given the results in New Zealand, the U.S.A., Japan and Korea, and the nature of large, relatively infrequent sporting events, it is possible these benefits have been overstated, particularly in the long term. Conclusion In conclusion, it is likely the economic impact of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, as outlined by Arnold and Grice (2015), is a good overview. Increased economic activity leads to direct impacts including increased output and GDP driven by higher foreign and corporate investment, such as sports tourism and corporate branding respectively. Indirect impacts include high intermediary activity, including increases in the hospitality industry and spend on food and beverages, while induced benefits are as far reaching as social support driven by higher consumer income and the multiplier effect. While these impacts are positive, it is believed the magnitude of the results have been exaggerated, due to limitations including the tendency of host countries to overestimate the impact of sporting events, and the temporary effects of short-term events à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" even those as large as the Rugby World Cup. Further, due to the scope of an economic impact statement, many costs have gone unmen tioned, creating a disproportionate impression of gains and optimism. References Aubin, D., 2012, Ernsts revenues rise 6.7 percent on advisory growth, Reuters, Available through https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-ernst-revenues-idUSBRE8901GS20121001 Bergson, Z. 2015, Sports and Money: Economic Impact of the Rugby World Cup, National Centre for Business Journalism, Sept 14 2015, Available through https://businessjournalism.org/2015/09/sports-and-money-economic-impact-of-the-rugby-world-cup/ Arnold, P. and Grice, M., 2015, The Economic Impact of the Rugby World Cup 2015, Ernst Young, Available through https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-rugby-world-cup-final-report/$FILE/EY-rugby-world-cup-final-report.pdf Freid, G., DeSchriver, T. and Mondello, M., 2013, Sports Finance, 3rd Ed., U.S.A.: Human Kinetics Harrow. R, and Swatek, K., 2011, Beyond the Scoreboard, U.S.A.: Human Kinetics Gibbons, T., 2014, English National Identity and Football Fan Culture, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Leeds, M. and Von Allmen, P., 2008, The Economics of Sports, 3rd ed., Boston: Pearson McConnell, C, Brue, S, Flynn, S. and Barbiero, T., 2010, Macroeconomics, 12th ed., Canada: McGraw Hill Ryerson Menary, S. 2015, Rugby to prove lucrative game as World Cup kicks off, The National: Business, Sept 17 2015, Available through https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/rugby-to-prove-lucrative-game-as-world-cup-kicks-off Outspan Group Inc, The., 2009, The Economic Impacts of Cultural and Sport Tourism in Canada 2007, Amherst Island: The Outspan Group Inc. Ritchie, B. and Adair D. (eds)., 2004, Sport Tourism: Interrelationships, Impacts and Issues, U.K.: Channel View Publications Saayman, M. and Saayman, A., 2012, The Economic Impact of the Comrades Marathon, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol3 (3), 05 Oct 2012, pp220-235 Statistics New Zealand, 2011, Impact of the Rugby World Cup in New Zealands macro-economic statistics, Statistics New Zealand, Available through https://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/impact-of-rugby-world-cup.aspx Thanapathy, S. 2015, Off the Pitch: The winners and losers of the Rugby World cup, Australian Times: Sport, 25 Sept 2015, Available through https://www.australiantimes.co.uk/off-the-pitch-the-winners-and-losers-of-the-rugby-world-cup/ Tyrrell, J. and Johnston, R., 2006, The Economic Impact of Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 45, Aug 1 2006, Available through Deep Dyve at https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/the-economic-impacts-of-tourism-a-special-issue-RCkCF7L8ja?articleList=%2F Wilson, B. 2015, Rugby World Cup a global game changer, says RFUs Ritchie, BBC News: Business, 24 Sept 2015, Available through https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34130763 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-25454420687698340822020-05-13T17:24:00.001-07:002020-05-13T17:24:04.014-07:00The Romanticism Period By William Cullen Bryant - 880 Words First of all, the Romanticism Period is all about the ideas of nature, beauty, fantasy, and love, not necessarily having to do with a boy and a girl. As for Realism behind all the weird and beautiful ideas to live happily ever after, the people realized the problems were not fixed with the Civil War. Therefore, the people started to convert into Realism seeing the world focusing on details, facts, and the people. The two periods follow each other because the time the world came to a revolution which the people know till this day. Such as William Cullen Bryant, who was a Romantic writer of ââ¬Å"To a Waterfowlâ⬠and believed, creating a natural scene to teach a lesson. ââ¬Å"Thouââ¬â¢rt gone, the abyss of heaven hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart,â⬠(Bryant) which the critics have suggested, ââ¬Å"a more universal image to help in conveying his theme of the poem by blending the scenes from his reflection.â⬠(Philip) Leaving a clear view of something float ing over things and vanishing through the horizon. Other Romantic writer is Edgar Allan Poe, which wrote ââ¬Å"Annabel Leeâ⬠a poem about his love one that passed away. He believed that even as children he and his Annabel Lee love for each other was strong that even angels wanted love like it. For example, ââ¬Å"And so, all the nigh-tide, I lie down by the side of my darling, my darling, my life, and my bride. In her sepulcher, a monument there by the sea, in her tomb by the side of the sea.â⬠(Locklear) Is creepy, weird and the most romantic ideaShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words à |à 7 PagesMason Eggers Mrs. Szwajkowski Junior English 200 24 March 2016 Romanticism/Transcendentalism Essay Edgar Allen Poeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,â⬠Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Ministerââ¬â¢s Black Veil,â⬠and William Cullen Bryantââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Thanatopsisâ⬠illustrate several Romantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. ââ¬Å"The Fall of the House of Usherâ⬠Read MoreAnalysis Of Rip Van Winkle And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow By Washington Irving1380 Words à |à 6 Pagesrather wide spanning categories, Rationalist or Romantic. Romantics believed in the purity and beauty of nature.[Thesis] Romanticism is a time period that many authors began to emerge in. These authors wrote about their strong feelings, and that nature is more important than city life. [Preview] In the pieces ââ¬Å"Rip Van Winkleâ⬠by Washington Irving, ââ¬Å"Thanatopsisâ⬠by William Cullen Bryant, and ââ¬Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollowâ⬠by Washington Irving all show strong relations to the traits of Romantic writingRead More romanticism Essay640 Words à |à 3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ROMANTICISM nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a result of the American revolution the literature during the ninghteen century changed to fiction. The Romanticism was a period in which authors left classicism, age of reason, in the old world and started to offered imagination, emotions and a new literature that toward nature, humanity and society to espouse freedom and individualism. The main characteristics or Romanticism movements are: an emphasis on imagination asRead MoreWilliam Cullen Bryant And The Devil And Tom Walker811 Words à |à 4 PagesAmerican Romanticism The romantic period,1735 to 1830, for writers is a dark and confusing time, it is a time when dark things are made to seem better than they are. Many great literary works come from this period, but at the price of confusing the population. People believe that ââ¬Å"emotions and relationships were not just important, but were the very currency of life.â⬠Three romantic era pieces stand out, The Pit and The Pendulum by Edgar Allen Poe, Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant and TheRead MoreA Comforting View of Death in William Cullen Bryantââ¬â¢s Thanatopsis640 Words à |à 3 PagesChuck Palahniuk once said, ââ¬Å"The first step to eternal life, is you have to die.â⬠In William Cullen Bryantââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"Thanatopsisâ⬠, he does not mention eternal life or anything religious, but speaks about death. He tells his readers that death is a natural thing and they should not worry about it. William Cullen Bryant, in his poem ââ¬Å"Thanatopsisâ⬠, portrays a comforting view of death. Throughout the poem, Bryant encourages his readers by explaining that in death they are not alone, that death, like lifeRead MoreJohn Smith And Walt Whitman Essay1248 Words à |à 5 Pages Nature writing is a genre that encompasses a range of works and writers throughout many time periods. This genre is based on the study of nature and frequently discusses the interrelationships between humans, nature, and god. In the nearly 300 year span between the writings of John Smith and Walt Whitman, nature writing had evolved. During the colonialist era, as evidenced by John Smith, nature was seen as given to us by god to be utilized in its full capacity, for resources to survive and profitRead MoreThe Fireside Poets Were Popular At A Time When The United States1382 Words à |à 6 Pageswere one of the first groups to take their views to a more real-world level, in founding magazines such as the Atlantic Monthly (John Greenleaf Whittier), supporting public projec ts such as Central Park and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (William Cullen Bryant), and even founding a political party and running for Congress (John Greenleaf Whittier). The lead-up to the Civil War was also weighing on the minds of many, which prompted Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to write ââ¬Å"Paul Revereââ¬â¢s Rideâ⬠, an encouragementRead MoreEarly American Literature Influenced by Religious Ideologies and Philosophies1769 Words à |à 8 PagesLiterature, Puritan writers were prevalent which grew into the Age of Reason by way of scientists and philosophers, which eventually emerged into Romanticism and the Renaissance writers, which developed into Realism by the middle of 19th century. Throughout American Literature, religious ideologies and philosophies influenced the way that writers portrayed the time period, characters, feelings, and God. Through Puritan writers, literature is influenced by religious ideologies and philosophies. Puritans writersRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words à |à 14 PagesSettlersââ¬â¢ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, ââ¬Å"A Model of Christian Charityâ⬠: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon usâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672), The Tenth Muse (1650), the first volume of poems published by a resident of the New World - Edward Taylor (1642- 1729), Preparatory Meditations (1682-1725Read MoreAntebellum Period And American History1548 Words à |à 7 PagesAntebellum Period, Art The Antebellum period is generally spoken of as the years arranging from the acquisition of the Constitution, all the way to the American Civil War. This is a period in American history that is remarkable for its incredible magnitude of changes in the countryââ¬â¢s history; industrial revolution, westward expansion, womenââ¬â¢s history, and transportation revolution to name a few. Leaving aside all the rebellions, treatyââ¬â¢s, and massacres. The pages to follow will mainly focus on the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-49842594189128485912020-05-06T14:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:05:49.825-07:00Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays There are many research methods from which to take for a typical research methodological analysis. In the research methodological analysis there is the undermentioned general treatment on the conducting of the research and some apprehension of type basic construct of the qualitative and quantitative methods. There are many research methods from which to take from. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research methods are the technique of probe used to carry on a survey. They include the usage of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation or field work with the community being studied together with the reading of official statistics and historical paperss and other techniques non so widely used. By and large there are three chief methodological analysiss. Qualitative methods Van Maanen ( 1983 ) defines qualitative methods as ââ¬Å" an array of interpretative technique which seek to depict, decode, and translate and other wise come to term with the significance, non the frequence, of certain more or less of course happening phenomena in the natural universe. â⬠Quantitative Methods Easterby-smith et Al ( 1995 ) described four chief ways of assemblage of quantitative informations: Interviews Questionnaires Tests/Measure Observation While they stress that the differences between quantitative and qualitative techniques is non ever clear. Quantitative methodological analysiss have an accent on the importance of establishing research upon protocol and technique. In this piece of research the writer will trust on quantitative methodological analysis in the signifier of secondary informations through assorted beginnings of database. These databases will include nose count informations to execute the analysis and happen out the consequences. The instance study country: Salford, Greater Manchester Manchester ââ¬Ës ââ¬Å" twin metropolis â⬠, Salford, adjoins it across the River Irwell and portions much of its history. The wider Greater Manchester part is made up of 10 metropolitan local governments: Bolton Bury Manchester ( City of ) Oldham Rochdale Salford ( City of ) Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan The metropolitan authorization known as the ââ¬ËCity of Salford ââ¬Ë comprises 20 wards and has a population of 216,000. In this survey GIS application will be used along with spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness ââ¬â and hence for the economic system ââ¬â because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The Health, Housing and Fuel Poverty Forum ( Mawle, 2008 ) , funded by cardinal authorities ( Defra ) is the type of policy enterprise which is conformable to being informed by sound GIS and spacial analysis work: ââ¬Å" The focal point of this undertaking is to supply a tried, long-run and to the full sustainable attack to significantly cut downing, and finally extinguishing wellness inequalities across the state caused or exaggerated by hapless lodging and fuel poorness. â⬠( Mawle, 2008 ) The survey used GIS, spacial analysis and statistical techniques to look into the world of fuel poorness in this country. This issue is of import in policy footings because it seems likely to be a major job for public wellness ââ¬â and hence for the economic system ââ¬â because of the increasing proportion of aged people in the population. Fuel poorness is worst among the oldest members of society, peculiarly those in disadvantaged countries such as Salford. Areas like some parts of Salford besides have a higher than mean concentration of aged people because younger people tend to go forth the country to seek employment and preparation chances elsewhere. The vulnerable aged on low incomes form the bulk of those in fuel poorness nationwide. The issue will hence be an increasing job for national and local policymakers due to the aging population and therefore more elaborate research is required. Larger Numberss of aged people are now populating longer and because of other factors ( e.g. the cost of long-run attention and the basic desire to stay ââ¬Ëat place ââ¬Ë ) are frequently remaining in their ain places for every bit long as possible. Harmonizing to the UK Public Health Association ( UKPHA, 2008 ) , an extra 40,000 deceases each twelvemonth nationally can be attributed to fuel poorness. Methods Data and methods The 2001 nose count of population was used in the analysis as a chief beginning of informations. The information on socio-economic conditions in Salford was gathered along with the maps of the country utilizing a assortment of resources. Specifically, informations on wellness, lodging, household constellation and other conditions in Salford ââ¬Ës wards were obtained from the 2001 Census via NOMIS or CASWEB. Maps were obtained from Ordnance Survey and other beginnings. Census informations In the nose count, ââ¬Ëhealth ââ¬Ë was chiefly covered by two inquiries. First, responses confirm whether a individual considers themselves to be in ( a ) ââ¬Ëgood wellness ââ¬Ë , ( B ) ââ¬Ëfairly good ââ¬Ë wellness or ( degree Celsiuss ) non in good wellness. Second, informations will be the available on whether respondents suffer from ââ¬Ëlimiting long-run conditions ââ¬Ë . Some other variables will be envisaged may impact people ââ¬Ës wellness in this part. These will be: whether lodging adjustment provided, or did non supply, cardinal warming ; whether people lived as portion of a twosome or lived entirely ; and whether people will be economically active or inactive ( i.e non in work, instruction or preparation ) . Consequences and Analysis Datas processing: Function Health is affected by a assortment of life style and environmental factors, including where people live, features of these locations ( including societal and environmental exposure ) . Health by and large has a spacial dimension ââ¬â the wellness of the population varies harmonizing to where people live. So scientists and research workers have begun to utilize GIS package to research the potency of maps for understanding the spacial kineticss of wellness and the socioeconomic, environmental and other factors impacting which affect people ââ¬Ës wellness ( see for illustration Loslier, 2008, Gao et al 2008, Susi and Mascarenhas, 2002 ) . The tabular array of property informations was joined to the Greater Manchester map to bring forth set of maps demoing wellness inequalities across the part. Other maps were created to picture the distribution of factors impacting wellness. The Greater Manchester maps demo that the Manchester and Salford countries have the lowest figure of healthy people in the part ( see fig. 2 ) . From a simple ocular reading of the maps identified the countries with the worst wellness. This present more probe on this country below. Salford is one of the countries with the worst wellness in the Greater Manchester part. Health and other socioeconomic factors across Greater Manchester local governments Maps These were obtained from EDINA Ordnance Survey for both the Greater Manchester country as a whole and Salford ââ¬Ës component wards. The first portion of the Maps will demo the lodging and wellness determiners such as cardinal warming, people in good wellness and economic activity of Greater Manchester. While the 2nd portion of the maps will concentrate on Salford. First Part: Function Housing and Health Determinants of Greater Manchester Second Part: Maping Housing and Health Determinants of Salford Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the NOMIS web site was prepared and saved as a dbf file and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford. Making wellness maps for Salford involved a similar procedure to that used for constructing the Greater Manchester maps. The new tabular array of properties from the CASWEB web site was prepared and joined to the Salford boundary map. The maps were produced based on the variables identified earlier incorporating informations necessary for constructing a image of wellness in Salford ( as shown in fig. ) . Eight maps were produced to picture the countries that have the highest figure of healthy and unhealthy people ( utilizing our two indexs of wellness ) , with the other maps demoing the chief factors impacting wellness in the borough. From the maps it can be seen that the highest per centum of healthy people is located in Worsley and Boothstown ward, while the highest per centum of unhealthy people live in Langworthy and the surrounding wards. These wards are the nearest to the metropolis Centre ( cardinal Manchester ââ¬â the focal urban Centre for Salford and the Greater Manchester part as a whole ) .The other maps illustrate the factors which affect wellness in Salford. The maps of adjustment with and without cardinal warming show that the highest per centum of houses with cardinal warming is located in Worsley and Boothstown, Walkden, Little Hulton and Irlam ward. This is where the healthiest people live. The lowest per centum of places with cardinal warming was found in Langworthy ââ¬â where the people with last degrees of wellness ( measured by our two indexs ) live. This is evidently a simplification of the subject, but it helps us construct up a image of fuel poorness in Salford. The maps of people populating entirely or in twosomes show that the highest per centum of twosomes is once more in Worsley and Boothstown ward, whereas the highest proportions of people populating entirely be given to be located in the wards near Manchester metropolis Centre. Furthermore, the same image can be seen in the maps of economically active and inactive people, with the highest per centum of economically active people shacking in Worsley and Boothstown ward. Long-run unwellness The 3rd set of maps in this undertaking compares long-run unwellness in Salford with the same factors identified earlier ( fig. ) . The maps show a strong relationship between degrees of long-run unwellness and places without cardinal warming. The highest Numberss of people with no long-run unwellness ( what we might hence specify as the healthiest people measured on these footings ) were found in Worsley and Boothstown ward. This ward has the most belongingss with cardinal warming, and the bulk of its occupants are economically active and unrecorded in twosomes. Preliminary decisions From all the maps above we can reason that wellness may be affected by a assortment of factors. These factors include ( I ) environmental issues like air pollution, ( two ) societal factors such as populating entirely or in a couple/with a household, and ( three ) economic factors such as being in employment ( and the wealth derived functions this connotes ) , and the sort of lodging adjustment people can afford to populate in. Statistical analysis of the consequences The information will be analyzed utilizing SPSS package, so utilizing arrested development statistics to find whether there is significance. The information will be modeled the extent to which wellness is affected by variables such as cardinal warming, being economically active, populating in a twosome and so on. Map studies can be used to turn to the out semen from the analysis of the geographical informations. Arrested development analysis: In the undermentioned subdivision there will be an analysis of consequences through arrested development analysis by utilizing multiple variables. In SPSS a simple method ââ¬Å" Analyze. Regression. LinearaÃâ à ¦.. â⬠in each instance will be followed. There will be the choice of different standard ( dependent ) and the forecaster ( independent ) variables and will used the multiple arrested development theoretical account four times. Multiple arrested development analysis ( MRA ) is a utile method for bring forthing mathematical theoretical accounts where there are several ( more than two ) variables involved. Multiple Regression analysis: the multivariate arrested development was used for at least four times to analyse the relationship between assorted variable of lodging and wellness inequalities. Peoples in good wellness and unstanderised predicted variables. The multiple arrested developments will utilize tally of people in good wellness as a dependant variable and assorted other in dependent factors as in a variable entered tabular array. In the Standard Residual subdivision of the casewise diagnostic tabular array above, instance Numberss 33 is negative. This could be explained by a figure of factors ââ¬â for illustration, possibly it is due to a higher than usual proportion of aged people in the local population. The 2001 nose count informations for Salford shows that 8 % of the populations are in the 65-74 twelvemonth age class, with the mean age for Salford being 38 old ages of age. Salford as a whole is sing a population diminution of 6 % with an progressively aging population. The 2001 nose count informations besides demonstrates this point, with 9.53 % of the population being economically inactive due to being for good ill or handicapped. This is higher than the national norm of 5.3 % within England and Wales. An ageing population, combined with people with sick wellness and low incomes will hold an impact upon future services and wellness in Salford ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From Graph 1 it can be seen that there is a positive linear relationship between people in good wellness and unstandardized predicted value of the independent variable. It is a positive relationship with a statistical tantrum. Second Multivariate Regression Analysis: The 2nd multiple arrested development analysis was carried out between % of people in good wellness and other variable factors such as being economically active, holding cardinal warming, populating in a twosome. In this arrested development model the relationships between one dependant variable with multiple independent variables has been analyzed. This is how multiple arrested developments are largely used for multivariate analysis ( Bryamn and Caremer, 2005 ) . This gives the ability of multivariate arrested development to analyse the relationships between one dependant variable and multiple independent variables. An advantage of multivariate arrested development is that weak variables with small statistical significance can be dropped from the theoretical account to do the staying variables important. But in the undermentioned instance no variables were dropped in order to understand different variables ââ¬Ë consequence on wellness. From the above tabular array Model Summary there is the analysis of assorted factors such as R is a step of the correlativity between the ascertained value and the predicted value of the standard variable. In the illustration this would be the correlativity between the per centum of people in good wellness and the degrees predicted by the forecaster variables. R Square ( R2 ) is the square of this step of correlativity and indicates the proportion of the discrepancy in the standard variable. In kernel this is a step of how good a anticipation of the standard variable we can do by cognizing the forecaster variables. The value R2 is a fraction between 0.0 and 1.0, and has no units. An R2 value of 0.0 agencies that X does non assist you predict Y. There is no additive relationship between X and Y, and the best-fit line is a horizontal line traveling through the mean of all Y values. A When R2 equals 1.0, all points lie precisely on a consecutive line with no spread. Knowing Ten Lashkar-e-Taibas you predict Y absolutely. From the above consequences the R2 is.659 which indicates a 65 % tantrum in the theoretical account. Adjusted R Square value is calculated which takes into history the figure of variables in the theoretical account and the figure of observations ( participants ) our theoretical account is based on. This means that 65 % of the variableness of dependent variable is explained by the variableness of the dependent variables. This tabular array is of import. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that our theoretical account histories for 64.9 % of discrepancy in the good wellness. 35.1 % of the discrepancy Idaho due to the random mistake. B. Dependent Variable: % Good or Reasonably Good Health The ANOVA portion of the end product tells us whether the arrested development equation is explicating a statistically important part of the variableness in the dependant variable from variableness in the independent variables. A P value is a step of grounds. The smaller the value of P, the greater the grounds against a simpler theoretical account than one of the possible involvement. The usage of P 0.05 as a cut-off is a convention which has an historic footing instead than a scientific, mathematical or philosophical footing. Horgan ( 2001 ) described that a p-value provides a step of whether an independent variable is associated with the dependant variable. A little p-value implies that it is. In this study we have said that an independent variable is significantly associated with the dependant variable if its p-value is less than 5 % ( i.e. P lt ; 0.05 ) . These can be interpreted as significance that there is a 95 % opportunity that the given interval will incorporate the true p arametric quantity of involvement. This tabular array reports an ANOVA, which assesses the overall significance of our theoretical account. As P lt ; 0.05 the theoretical account is important. This theoretical account is utile. In the end product from this arrested development analysis, as with the simple arrested development, sing the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. From the above tabular array it can be concluded that, % economically active, % cardinal warming and % of married are statistically non-significant as the T values and ( T gt ; 2 or t lt ; -2 ) and Sig. ( Sig. lt ; 0.05 ) are harmonizing to the statistical significance relationship. The Standardized Beta Coefficients give a step of the part of each variable to the theoretical account. A big value indicates that a unit alteration in this forecaster variable has a big consequence on the standard variable. The T and Sig. ( P ) values give a unsmooth indicant of the impact of each forecaster variable ââ¬â a large absolute T value and little P value suggests that a forecaster variable is holding a big impact on the predicted variables. Scatter secret plan A spread secret plan allows ocular appraisal of the relationship between the response and forecaster variable. In the in writing class individual independent variables those have an affect on the wellness has been taken in order to analyse the relationship with dependent variable. In graph No.3 above a consecutive line comfortably tantrums through the informations ; hence a additive relationship exists. The spread above the line is rather high, so there is a strong additive relationship. Hence the graph indicates a strong relationship as people who are economically active are in good wellness. However, the Scatter Plot and Line of Best Fit do non state us the values of a and B ; nor do they state us if B is zero ( or near adequate to be taken as nothing ) . It surely seems that there is a positive relationship between people in good wellness and people who are economically active. The 2001 nose count showed that 39.33 % of Salford ââ¬Ës population is economically active, compared with an norm of 40.55 % within England and Wales. 13.53 % is economically inactive due to retirement, compared with the England and Wales norm of 13.54 % ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . From the above consequences the R2 is 0.564 which indicates a 56 % tantrum in the theoretical account. The Adjusted R Square value tells us that the theoretical account histories for 55 % of discrepancy in a modification long term unwellness. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 56 % of the variableness of restricting long term unwellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 44 % is due to random mistake. For farther analysis of the relationships of different independent variables, the T-ratio statistics is analyzed coefficient tabular array. From the above theoretical account sum-up tabular array The R-squared is 1.000, intending that about 100 % of the variableness of good wellness is accounted for by the variables in the theoretical account. In this instance, the adjusted R-squared indicates that approximately 100 % of the variableness of wellness is accounted for by the theoretical account. 0 % if the discrepancy is due to random mistake. R squared is a statistical step of how good a arrested development line approximates existent informations points. R squared is a descriptive step between nothing and one, bespeaking how good one term is at foretelling another. From the theoretical account summary the R squared value is equal to one as besides the adjusted R square, the greater the ability of that theoretical account to foretell a tendency. The more variableness of the dependant variable is being explained by the variableness of the independent variables. A value of R squared equal to one, indicates that the theoreti cal account provides perfect anticipations ( Middleton, 2006 ) . The end product from the ANOVA tabular array, as with the simple arrested development, we look to the p-value of the F-test to see if the overall theoretical account is important. With a p-value of nothing to three denary topographic points, the theoretical account is statistically important. Further analysis of the relationship between heath and other independent variables, the T-ratio statistics has been carried out in the tabular array below. The above graph No.10 indicates a negative relationship as most of the people who are economically inactive tend to be in good wellness. This graph is opposed to chart No. 3 which is for economically active. There are high degrees of unemployed families, in peculiar those in the ââ¬Å" neââ¬â¢er worked â⬠and ââ¬Å" long term unemployed â⬠classs and high per centums of people in reception of a means-tested benefit. The 2001 nose count besides reports that 3.81 % of the population is economically inactive due to unemployment with 10.25 % holding neââ¬â¢er worked and 28.29 % classed as long-run unemployed. 5.89 % are economically inactive due to looking after household or the place ( Salford City Council, 2008 ) . The paper examined through function and statistical analysis the relationship between lodging determiner and wellness. There are some lodging factors such as employment, lodging term of office and matrimonial position and their impact on wellness. It can be concluded from the determination that there is positive and negative relationship between wellness and lodging determiner such as economically active and inactive, married twosome and populating entirely. The relationship between hapless lodging and ailment wellness has been understood for centuries. This relationship has been illustrated by a figure of different researches clip by clip such as Lowry 1991, Friedman 2010 on lodging and wellness. Farrand said that ââ¬Å" Action is besides required so as to cut down the inauspicious effects on kids and their instruction from unequal lodging â⬠. In recent old ages policies such as wellness and sustainable development are progressively being inter-linked to those policies that m ight hold an affect on environmental wellness and lodging. Theses attacks has based on the rule of sustainable development. Infect sustainable development attacks in lodging development could better people wellness and cut down fuel poorness but utilizing less and in ore efficient the resources available to them. In position of the fact that the Census is carried at 10 twelvemonth intervals and the same information has been used in the current research which is 10 old ages old while the new will be available in 2011. 2001 Census information is of historic involvement and nevertheless it provides really utile baseline information on even on little countries of the metropolis. The Census contains valuable information on such as family composings, population, wellness and economic activities. From the function of Greater Manchester it can be concluded that ( see Fig. 1-9 ) Salford metropolis has the lowest scope of people in good wellness 87-88 % except Manchester and Wigan. Besides th e per centum of people non in good in good wellness is in Salford 11-12 % ( Census 2001 ) . the statistically analysis of the 2001 Census information shows overall a significance of P value lt ; 0.05 which means that there is a significance relationship between the dependant and predicted independent variables. Although the information is 10 old ages old but it is a nationally recognized and trusted informations. There may be a batch of betterments in the last 10 old ages but due to the fact that there is no secondary informations handiness it could be really hard to estimations informations based on assorted socioeconomic factors. From spread secret plan diagram of assorted dependent and independent variables it can be concluded that there is strong positive and negative linear relationship except with cardinal heating where there is a weak positive and negative additive relationship. Through the tabular array 1 and 2 in the appendices shows clear that people non in good wellness are among the lowest in Greater Manchester part followed by North West County and in England. Although the cardinal warming has no or really small relationship with people in wellness but there are other factors such as economic position, matrimonial relationship and term of office. Recommendation: Every local authorization has a responsibility in this instance Salford metropolis council to see the lodging status and its impact on wellness on an one-year footing under the Housing Act 1985. The local authorization should put their ain marks and strategic standards which must fulfill the home is fit for the people. If the local authorization see a home fails to carry through the basic standards and non suited for populating so the local authorization has the responsibility to take necessary action to cover with the belongings to halt further spreading of lodging related wellness jobs. It is of import that policies related to wellness policies should besides reflect lodging conditions and the ways to better both lodging and wellness conditions. It is the understood that hapless lodging non affects merely physiologically but besides on an single overall wellness conditions. Sustainable solutions should be imposed on in order to better lodging in general while heating and insularity in peculiar. farther research is needed to measure the complexness oh lodging and wellness indexs and find ways in which fuel poorness can be cut down or eradicated. How to cite Health Policy In Salford Manchester Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-20795987989436195032020-05-05T10:42:00.001-07:002020-05-05T10:42:03.115-07:00Rustico and Alibech by Giovanni Boccaccio free essay sample Rustico and Alibech by Giovanni Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio The exact details of his birth are uncertain. A number of sources state that he was born inà Paris, but others denounce this as romanticism by the earliest biographers. In this case his birthplace was possibly inà Tuscany, perhaps inà Certaldo, the town of his father. He was the son of aà Florentineà merchant and an unknown woman, and almost certainly born illegitimate. Boccaccio grew up in Florence. His father was working for theà Compagnia dei Bardià and in the 1320s married Margherita dei Mardoli, of an illustrious family. It is believed Boccaccio was tutored by Giovanni Mazzuoli and received from him an early introduction to the works ofà Dante. In 1326 Boccaccio moved toà Naplesà with the family when his father was appointed to head the Neapolitan branch of his bank. Boccaccio was apprenticed to the bank, but it was a trade for which he had no affinity. We will write a custom essay sample on Rustico and Alibech by Giovanni Boccaccio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He eventually persuaded his father to let him study law at theà Studiumà in the city. For the next six years Boccaccio studiedà canon law there. From there he pursued his interest in scientific and literary studies. His father introduced him to the Neapolitan nobility and the French-influenced court ofà Robert the Wiseà in the 1330s. At this time he fell in love with a married daughter of King Robert of Naples (known asà Robert the Wise) and she is immortalized as the characterà Fiammettaà in many of Boccaccios prose romances, particularlyà Il Filocoloà (1338). Boccaccio never married, but had three children. Mario and Giulio were born in the 1330s. In the 1340s, Violente was born in Ravenna, where Boccaccio was a guest ofà Ostasio I da Polentaà from about 1345 through 1346. The Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio lived through the plague as it ravaged the city of Florence in 1348. The experience inspired him to write The Decameron, a story of seven men and three women who escape the disease by fleeing to a villa outside the city. In his introduction to the fictional portion of his book, Boccaccio gives a graphic description of the effects of the epidemic on his city. Tenth tale (III, 10) Alibech turns hermit, and is taught by Rustico, a monk, how the Devil is put in hell. She is afterwards conveyed thence, and becomes the wife of Neerbale. Dioneo narrates what is by far the most obscene and bawdy tale in theà Decameron. Alibech, a naive young woman, wanders into the dessert in an attempt to become closer to God. She happens upon the monk Rustico, and he deflowers her under the pretence of teaching her how to better please God. Alibech becomes more enthusiastic aboutà putting the Devil back into Hell than Rustico, almost to the point of his ruin. Meanwhile, her family and family home are incinerated, leaving her the only heir. Neerbale kidnaps her, much to Rusticos relief and Alibechs displeasure, and Alibech is made to marry Neerbale. The night before the wedding, she is questioned by other women as to how Alibech served God in the forest, and upon explaining to her ladies how the Devil is put back into Hell, is informed that Neerbale will surely know how to help her serve God once more. Insight and Message Being a person like Alibech who is a simple minded woman and wants to serve God, Rustico a person who is a deceitful man take advantage to Alibech. Or is simpler way, this is like a person who is taking advantage to the person who are weak and has lack of knowledge and ideas in everything. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-88746773948058853802020-04-01T02:42:00.001-07:002020-04-01T02:42:02.614-07:00The Lost Room, and other ghost stories Review Essay ExampleThe Lost Room, and other ghost stories Review Paper Essay on The Lost Room, and other ghost stories For the purchase of books I pushed pretty good you know and love me Dickens surname Le Fanu, and Jerome. But paid off only two authors, and then one to this day I do not know, Jerome K. Jerome and his Junket with ghosts and John Kendrick Bangz with its Leprosy Theosophists. It is noteworthy that of all the stories of ghosts, I especially liked the stories are written in a humorous style not terrible, but too funny. Indeed, these humorous adventures of the hero with the ghosts of the authors failed to fame funny (sometimes laughed to tears, sometimes abdominal pain), perky, are good waves and does not leave me indifferent. It is to these stories I would like to return once again, enjoying and language authors and their style, and dialogue and story -. I want to once again relive exciting moments with the protagonists The rest of the stories seemed to me in any way neither terrible, no gay or sad. Found in a collection of stories and stronger and weaker, but on the whole almost everything good after all English literature of the XIX century it is difficult to be ranked as poor. Frankly, I have been and full of disappointment: it happened with The Lost Room and the OBriens East Window Swain these stories seemed to me absolutely nothing in his head except some confusion nothing more from them and left . in general, the stories in the tradition of Gothic have some uniqueness to me, because, I re-read stories, neponravivshiesya me this the other day, in a different mood my attitude towards them could easily change for the better . And indeed the history of the Haunted make me a reverential admiration, which is impossible to describe in a few words. Im just going back to my childhood, when, meeting with friends, we turned off the lights, light candles, wrap in blankets and telling scary stories. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Room, and other ghost stories Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Room, and other ghost stories Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Room, and other ghost stories Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So if you are a lover of English literature (though there is also the stories, written by the Americans), if youre a fan of horror stories about ghosts (though not all of them, and terrible), and if you do not mind not very high-quality edition with cardboard cover (personally my book fell apart in the first day of readings, although the books treat with due accuracy), then go ahead and purchase of books and enjoy its content. After all, everyone has different tastes, and maybe youll like what I have, unfortunately, is not impressed. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-21645532325290019902020-03-07T20:47:00.001-08:002020-03-07T20:47:03.400-08:00Scientists Complete the Periodic TableScientists Complete the Periodic Table à The periodic table as we know it is now complete! The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has announced verification of the only elements left elements 113, 115, 117, and 118. These elements complete the 7th and final row of the periodic table of elements. Of course, if elements with higher atomic numbers are discovered, then an additional row will be added to the table. Details on the Discoveries of the Last Four Elements The fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) reviewed literature to determine claims for verification of these last few elements have fulfilled all the criteria necessary to officially discover the elements. What this means is the discovery of the elements has been replicated and demonstrated to the satisfaction of scientists according to the 1991 discovery criteria decided by the IUPAP/IUPAC Transfermium Working Group (TWG). The discoveries are credited to Japan, Russia, and the USA. These groups will be allowed to propose the names and symbols for the elements, which will need to be approved before the elements take their place on the periodic table. Element 113 Discovery Element 113 has the temporary working name ununtrium, with symbol Uut. The RIKEN team in Japan has been credited with discovering this element. Many people hope Japan will choose a name like japonium for this element, with symbol J or Jp, since J is the one letter presently absent from the periodic table. Elements 115, 117, and 118 Discovery Elements 115 (ununpentium, Uup) and 117 (ununseptium, Uus) were discovered by a collaboration between Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, TN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. Researchers from these groups will propose new names and symbols for these elements. Element 118 (ununoctium, Uuo) discovery is creditedà to a collaboration between the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. This group has discovered several elements, so theyre sure to have a challenge ahead of them coming up with new names and symbols. Why Its So Hard To Discover New Elements While scientists may be able to make new elements, its difficult to prove the discovery because these superheavy nuclei decay into lighter elements instantaneously. Proof of the elements requires demonstration that the set of daughter nuclei that are observed can be unequivocally attributed to the heavy, new element. It would be much simpler if it was possible to directly detect and measure the new element, but this hasnt been possible. How Long Until We See New Names? Once the researchers propose new names, the Inorganic Chemistry Division of the IUPAC will check them to make sure they dont translate into something funky in other language or have some prior historic use that would make them unsuitable for an element name. A new element may be named for a place, country, scientist, property, or mythological reference. The symbol needs to be one or two letters. After the Inorganic Chemistry Division checks the elements and symbols, they are presented for public review for five months. Most people start using the new element names and symbols at this point, but they dont become official until the IUPAC Council formally approves them. At this point, the IUPAC will change their periodic table (and others will follow suit). Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-63138287684216700472020-02-20T12:13:00.001-08:002020-02-20T12:13:03.120-08:00E-business systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsE-business systems - Essay Example One of the most important features of the e-sales and purchase process system is the database of customers whose personal information is used to create appropriate market strategies to increase the clientele. The firms are increasing using the information to analyze customersââ¬â¢ psychology through the evaluation and analysis of customer database which helps one to know the changing preferences of the customers in the rapidly changing times. Analysis and identification of the changing trends of the customer requirements are important ingredients to gain leverage against their rivals. Of all the technological marvels, internet has emerged as one of the most popular medium of communication with its wide range of applications in the ever expanding and highly competitive business environment. ââ¬Å"The Internet with its low-cost entry and ease of use quickly changed how information was exchanged and removed the distance barriers for business partners. The idea of trading on the Internet has generated great interest especially among the smallest companies, formerly excluded from EDI1 usage (Gottardi et al. 2004). It has redefined the business dynamics with its far reaching implications and has become one of the most important parts of any business strategy. Since customers are key to the success of all businesses, Sales Order Processing System and Customer relationship management have emerged as the most power tools to sustain and develop committed clientele across the globe. The essay would focus on the internet based Sales Order Processing System and would analyze the various perspectives that have significant impact on the business. Sales and purchase of items are part and parcel of daily life and efficient processing of the same is vital for good customer relationship and business growth. ââ¬ËSales order captures demands for the firmsââ¬â¢ product and servicesââ¬â¢ (Scott, 2004). The computerized sales and purchase facilitates creation of database of customers and Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-89453152569841849422020-02-04T20:25:00.001-08:002020-02-04T20:25:02.295-08:00What good in TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsWhat good in TV - Essay Example Firstly, watching TVs makes people smart and improves on their memory, especially the fictional movies which encourage imagination among viewers (Frings, Mader and Hà ¼ll 2010). This is because viewing TV series such as fringe or prison break does call for a great deal of thinking and concentration in order to understand what is going on. Moreover, TV are good source of fun, for instance, watching TV shows like Just for Laughs: Gags, sports and shows such as American Idol, ensures that somebody is entertained making TVs a source of happiness. TVs have also helped us to learn about different cultures and places, considering that due to reasons of time and money most people are not in a position to travel to various places to appreciate different cultures and practices (Steuer and Hustedt, 2002). However, TV opens up the world and through watching documentaries we are able to learn about different cultures. In addition, TV encourages social interactions since it can often give people with little in common topics especially relating to programs aired and News to talk about. In recent times, TV has started to air How-To programs through which one can actually learn how to do many things like cooking nutritious meals. TVs also enlighten people when they watch the National Geographic and the History Channels, and at times, this can be as informative as going to a learning institute (Steuer and Hustedt, 2002). TV is now being used more in learning institutions since it has been confirmed that pupils recall and understand better than from regular lessons. Finally, televisions make family links stronger for families that watch Television programs together often find something to talk about, and this helps to strengthen family ties and eases tension that could be there between family members. In conclusion, watching TV has many benefits to the modern society since apart from the educational and moral Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-82302755218554847962020-01-27T16:48:00.001-08:002020-01-27T16:48:03.865-08:00Generics Medicines Regulation ComparisonGenerics Medicines Regulation Comparison Chapter 1 Executive Summary This research will look at the adoption of generic medicines in specific three countries in Europe (The Netherlands, Poland and Portugal). These three countries have a significant difference in adoption; the reasons for this adoption difference can be explained by several regulations which are implemented by these countries. In previous research it is proven that regulations have a direct effect on the adoption however, this research will have a closer look which regulations in specific are important to stimulate generic medicines in the market. Results show that too much regulation around the entry of generic medicines in the market will lead to slow growth adoption in the market compared to countries which adopt less regulation. Recommendations to stimulate the generic medicines in the market will be presented in the last chapter. The problem background A lot of research has been done on the introduction of generic medicines. Examples include the obstacles to generic substitution in Sweden (Anderesson et al. 2005) and the use of generic medicines and the implications for the pharmaceutical market (King Kanavos, 2002). However, there is limited cross-country research examining the relationship between the implementation of regulation, the effects of incentives given to pharmacies and physicians and consecutive adoption of generic medicines. The available research is limited to one of these elements, there has not been made a direct consideration between these elements which influence the adoption of generic medicines. In 1995 the European Medicine Evaluation Agency (EMEA) offers a EU- wide authorization process which replaced the ongoing single authorization process of each country separately, this means that regulation is harmonized regarding the entry of generic medicines The EMEA will approve the generic entry of a medicine before it can be presented on the European pharmaceutical market. This centralized procedure has decreased the approval delays for generic medicines in the EU resulting in the fact that patent regulation and approval procedures for medicines no longer have a large effect on the development of generics (Danzon, et al. 2003). National regulation still has an impact concerning price and reimbursement approval which has to be authorized by national authorities. Moreover, it is examined that generics have had more success in countries with more flexible pricing policies (Garattini Tediosi, 2000) and previous research has shown that the prescription of generic medicines is dependent on the incentives given to pharmacist, and other parties (Hellerstein, 1998). However, with recent reforms in the national regulation systems across European countries, flexible generic pricing policies and incentives given by the national governments are no longer the main determinants of successful entry of generics on the market. Obligatory generic substitution systems and other regulations implemented by European governments have become at dominant factor in explaining the adoption of generic medicines as a consequence that incentives for physicians, pharmacists and patient have decreased due to the obligatory system (Timonen, et al. 2009). This thesis gives an overview of the relation between the adoption of generic medicines and the regulation in three European countries: The Netherlands, Portugal and Poland. These countries are chosen because they have different implementations in regulation concerning generics and the adoption rate in these countries differs significantly. Recommendations for European countries and a conclusion about the most effective method to increase the use of generic medicines in relation with regulation will be exposed. The problem statement The differences among three countries; (The Netherlands, Portugal and Poland), concerning the adoption of generic medicines in relation with regulation and influencing incentives in these European countries. The motive to present these specific three countries is resulting from the fact that the adoption level of generic medicines differs significantly. Therefore a clear image can be provided between the differences of adoption connected with the accompanying regulation adopted in that country concerning generic medicines Dependent variable: adoption of generic medicines Independent variable 1: regulation of generics medicines Research Questions Research question 1: What are the differences in regulation about the use of generic medicines among the Netherlands, Portugal Poland? Research question 2: What is the role of these regulations on the adoption of generics? Relevance The thesis should give European countries and in particular public policy makers, a clear image on the effects incentives can have concerning the adoption of generic when prescribing these medicines, and which type of regulation is the most effective for the increase in adoption of generics. Managerial perspective The prescription of generic medicines is intensively regulated. This results in many implications for pharmaceutical companies especially, concerning the implementation of generic medicines in the market. Considering, the fact that the regulation of the prescription of generic medicines has a direct effect on the use of generic medicines. Therefore the adoption level for generic medicines is likely to change when the regulation changes. Pricing strategies for pharmaceutical companies have a diminishing effect due to the strict pricing regulation implemented by public policy makers. Branding strategies are also complicated to implement in the pharmaceutical industry because of the many regulations adopted. However, branding strategies are very important; they can strengthen the bond between the buyer and the seller (Blackett Robins, 2001). Pharmaceutical companies have to make important decisions regarding the implementation of the generic medicines in the market. They should be aware of all regulation to be able to compete in the pharmaceutical industry. Academic perspective Country-specific results have been presented in several papers how regulation influences the use and adoption of generic medicines. However, a cross-country research on the effects of regulations implemented, in relation to the adoption of generic medicines. More specifically, the effects of incentives, given by policy makers, to pharmaceutical companies and the accompanying marketing strategies implemented by pharmaceutical companies, have not been examined earlier. Overview of the Rest of the Chapters Chapter 2: This chapter gives an overview on the question: What are the differences in adoption of generic medicines between the Netherlands, Portugal and Poland? These three countries will be investigated carefully; previous literature studies will give a clear image about the actual adoption of generic medicines in these countries. Background information will be presented to understand the structure of the chosen countries and the differences in adoption. Chapter 3: Data will be gathered to come to an answer to the research question 1: What are the differences in regulation about the use of generic medicines among the Netherlands, Portugal Poland? Chapter 4: Chapter four will explain the role of regulation on the adoption rate of generic medicines (research question 2). Chapter5: Public policy makers are in general in favour of increasing the use of generic medicines, because of the market advantages. Chapter 5 will give an overview of the most effective policy which is used among the three countries presented earlier in the thesis. Further recommendation to the public policy makers and limitations of the research will be dealt with in this chapter. A conclusion of this research will be presented. Chapter 2: differences in adoption of generic medicines This chapter will give an answer to the differences concerning the adoption of generic medicines between the Netherlands, PortugalandPoland. The level of generic medicine adoption differs significantly across Europe. This chapter will have a look at these differences and the resulting factors that have lead to these differences in adoption. Other implications such as different policy regulations and incentives given to pharmacist by the policy makers will be dealt with in chapter 3. They will be dealt whit in a separate chapter because they are dominant factors in the adoption of generic medicines. A distinction can be made between mature generic markets and developing generic markets (Simoens, 2009). The level of adoption of generic medicines in these countries differs from less than 10 per cent to more than 40 per cent. The share value in the market for generic medicines is 8.8 per cent for the Portugal, 19.8 per cent in the Netherlands and Poland ranks the top with 65.2 per cent (ââ¬Å"A Review on the Europeanâ⬠, n.d.). Comparing these figures with other European countries, Portugal falls in the lower range of adoption and Poland is situated in the upper range of the adoption level of generic medicines in their market. According to Simoens and Coster, (2006), Poland and the Netherlands are seen as mature generic markets in Europe, while Portugal is seen as a developing market. There are several factors (historical background and cultural elements), which have influenced the adoption rate of generic medicines in these countries. Clarifications of these elements are stated below. Historical background An explanation for the differences in adoption of generic medicines can partially be explained by the historical differences between the Netherlands, Portugal and Poland. In Western Europe, pricing and reimbursement policies naturally developed as an evolutionary economic process. However, this was not the case for Central and Eastern Europe states (CEE) which are now members of the EU. These CEE countries used to have a socialistic type of economy, and after the fall of the Berlin wall (1989) many of those countries faced political and economic bankruptcy. Large-scale reform was necessary in every single sector to guarantee their economical and political well being. The health care system was also a part of this sector and even today, ongoing reforms are taking place. There is still a lot that has to be done in the CEE countries, specifically within the health care system. Hospital decentralization, modernization and privatization and pricing and reimbursement policies are some examples of areas where further development is preferred (Kazakov, 2007). These necessary reforms and changes are also applicable to Poland. The Netherlands and Portugal do not suffer from these reforms, due to fact of not having a communistic history. Another implication of this socialist history is the fact that Poland was already used to adopt generic medicines, as brand medicines were not available in these countries due the absence of product patents until early 1990s (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Cultural elements Cultural sensitivity is one of the most widely accepted principles among public health (Resnicow, et all. 2000). According to Resnicow (2000), cultural sensitivity indicates ââ¬Å"The extent to which ethnic/cultural characteristics, experiences, norms, values, behavioral patterns, and beliefs of a target population as well as relevant historical, environmental, and social forces are incorporated in the design, delivery, and evaluation of targeted health promotion materials and programsâ⬠(page 272). The relation between the pharmacist and the pharmaceutical representative can have a huge impact on the prescription of medicines and therefore on the adoption of generic medicines. Historical developments in Poland have created a positive attitude towards prescribing generic medicines, as prescribing generic medicines has been a common practice in Poland until the early 1990s. In the Netherlands, on the other hand, generic substitution is more driven by the pharmacist (Simoens de Coster, 2006). On average a pharmaceutical company will spend twice as much on marketing to the pharmacist and the public than on research and development (Zipkin, et all. 2005). A more detailed view about the adoption rate of generic medicines concerned the three countries (the Netherlands, Poland and Portugal) are presented below: The Netherlands The Dutch generic market has grown rapidly over time; public expenditure has increased from 185 million euro in 1994, resulting in a market share value of 8.5 per cent. In 2004 the market share has increased to 17.7 per cent; this means that the value has almost doubled. The market share increased also dramatically from 19.9 per cent in 1994 to 44.3 percent in 2004 (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Results from an EGA survey conducted in 2007; show that the market share of generic medicines has increased to more than 50 per cent (see figure 2 and 3 in appendix B). Poland Due to historical implications mentioned before, Poland has a very mature generic market. In 2006 the market shares of Poland were 60 per cent by value and close to 80 per cent by volume (see figure 2 and 3 in appendix B). Portugal In the 1990s the generic medicines adoption in Portugal did not exceed more than 1 per cent. An introduction in the generic policy in the year 2000 caused for an increase in market share of 8 per cent measured until 2004. An explanation of the generic policy will be provided in chapter 3 (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Recent results from an EGA survey implemented in 2007 show that the market share has slightly increased to almost 10 per cent (see figure 2 and 3 in appendix B). Chapter 3: differences in regulation about the use of generic medicines What are the differences in regulation about the use of generic medicines among the Netherlands, Portugal Poland? There are several domains in regulation which will eventually influence the structure of the market and determine how the pharmaceutical companies can operate most effectively in this pharmaceutical market. This thesis presents the most important domains where regulations are implemented; market authorisation, pricing, incentives, and marketing implications. Market authorisation In Europe, the process regarding market authorisation is very complex. Market access for generic medicines may differ from country to country; this holds there is little transparency regarding the entry of generic medicines in Europe. A pharmaceutical company may receive market authorisation to enter the market in a specific country. However, other regulations regarding the reimbursement and price of the generic product still need to be determined by the government. This means the process, concerning the entry of the generic medicine, can be delayed up to three times (ââ¬Å"A Review on the European Generic Pharmaceutical Market in 2005â⬠, n.d.). The EU directive was introduced to create a better system regarding the entry of generic medicines in Europe. There is a transparency directive, 89/105/EEC, which specifies that there is a 90 day limit regarding the reimbursement and pricing decision. However, the time delays vary from country to country (Garattini Tediosi, 2000). The table below (ââ¬Å"A Review on the European Generic Pharmaceutical Market in 2005â⬠, n.d.) gives an overview of the times delays per country for price approval to enter the market. With respect to the countries in this thesis, the table above (ââ¬Å"A Review on the European Generic Pharmaceutical Market in 2005â⬠, n.d.). shows the following: Poland does not have a time delay because the pricing and reimbursement approvals are granted together with the market authorisation of the generic medicines. In the Netherlands, we can see a delay of between 10 and 15 days which could be defined as a relatively efficient time to approval compared to other countries in Europe. Portugal is very inefficient with the entry of the generic medicines, the status of pricing and reimbursement will only be given after a 90-day delay (ââ¬Å"A Review on the Europeanâ⬠, n.d.). Pricing Price regulations are only applicable when the generic medicines will be reimbursed. The most effective regulation is a price restriction on the maximum reimbursement of that specific medicine or a maximum price that pharmaceutical companies may charge the medicine users (Danzon Keuffel, 2007). Most European countries, including the countries in this study, have introduced a reference price system. A reference price system entails that there are regulations which will restrict the reimbursement level of generic medicines, but that the price of the generic medicines itself will be uncontrolled. Under the reference price system, groups are clustered into certain reimbursement level, based either on the same compound or different compounds but with the same mode of action or with a similar name. All products that are placed in the same group are reimbursed at the same price per daily dose, which is also called the reference price. In general, the reference price in a group will be set at the level of the cheapest medicine or the median in that group. If pharmaceutical manufacturers price their product above the reference price, the user of the generic medicines needs to pay the outstanding amount above the reference price. There are two different pricing systems in Europe: a generic free pricing system and a generic price-regulated system. Both systems determine the degree of adoption of generic medicines. In a generic free pricing system companies can decide on the height of the price of a new generic medicine introduced in the market themselves, in contrary to a price regulated system (Simoens, 2010). The reference pricing system has three levels of implementation, the higher the level of the system is, the more the prices are regulated. Poland has a low reference pricing system, the Netherlands could be defined as a medium reference pricing system and Portugal uses a high reference pricing system. As presented in the table below (Bongers Carradinha, 2009), one can see which European countries fall in a regulated price system and have no free pricing system. Consumer implications The patients themselves (the demand side) play an important role in the prescription of generic medicines. Physicians and pharmacists and other contributing parties will prescribe generic medicines to reduce the costs for the payer, which is in this case the consumer of the medicine. Patient co-payment Pricing and reimbursement systems play a role for the patient. The patient will contribute to the financing of the health care system, in particular with the co-payment arrangement. This is a common practice in all European countries (with the exception of Malta), but the implementation of co-payment differs significantly across countries. Nevertheless, in all countries that employ a co-payment arrangement a financial contribution is made by the medicine user. Patient co-payment arrangements can strongly influence the end decision of the patient on which medicines to take (ââ¬Å"A Review on the European Generic Pharmaceutical Market in 2005â⬠, n.d.). The reimbursement of generic medicines is taken care of through an insurance model; however the co-payment arrangement is based on a percentage of the cost of the medicine (Kazakov, 2007). Pricing regulation related to the countries in the thesis; The Netherlands uses an enforcing pricing regulation, which sets a maximum for the pricing of medicines. In 1996, this system was implemented. In general, it led to a decrease of 15 per cent of the average medicine price in the market (Simoens de Coster, 2006). However, the prices of generic medicines in the Netherlands still tended to be higher compared to other EU countries. Mediation in short-term pricing strategies such as implementing similar pricing systems, have increased and stimulated the share in the markets for generic medicines, where competition already existed (Bongers Carradinha, 2009). Polish medicine prices tend to be lower compared to other EU countries. They work with a price regulated system for generic medicines. The pharmaceutical companies want to be absorbed in the reimbursement list for medicines. The reference price in Poland is set just below or just above the cheapest generic medicines in the Polish market (Simoens, 2009). Pharmaceutical companies may price their product above the reference price, taking into account that as a result they will not be placed on the reimbursement list (Kazakov, 2007). Portugal established a regulation which says that the minimum price difference of generic medicines and brand medicines should be a least 35 per cent in 2001. In 2005 Portugal agreed to reduce the overall medicine prices by 6 per cent. Of that 6 per cent 4.17 per cent had to be reduced by the pharmaceutical company and the other 1.93 per cent had to be reduced by the wholesalers and pharmacists. The reference price system was introduced in 2003 where the reference price was set at the level of the most expensive generic medicine (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Despite the fact Portugal has a developed market, the market share concerning generic medicines is still relatively low compared to other countries in Europe. Regardless, of the fact that companies producing generic medicines provide affordable treatments to patients, other savings can only be achieved if government supply side policy initiatives are designed to increase the competitiveness of generic medicines in the market (Bongers Carradinha, 2009). Incentives To establish a generic medicine market, the supply side (pricing system) needs to be supplemented by demand side policies which create incentives for physicians, pharmacists, and patients to use generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). The Netherlands Instruments to promote generic medicines have been in place for a long time and have been widely accepted in the Netherlands (Vogler Schmickl, 2010). Incentives for physicians The Dutch government has stimulated physicians to prescribe generic medicines, which is supported by an electronic prescription system. In the Netherlands it is customary to develop and implement guidelines and treatment protocols on how to prescribe generic medicines in order to efficiently increase the adoption of generic medicines. An important feature is that there are no sanctions for physicians who do not prescribe generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Incentives for pharmacists Generic substitution is allowed for the pharmacist when the physician and the patient agree with it, however, it could be indicated by the physician that generic substitution is not permitted due to health reasons. This means that when a branded drugs patent has expired pharmacists are allowed to distribute a generic substitution unless indicated otherwise by the physician. Health insurers have also agreed upon several targets for the pharmacist in distributing generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Generic substitution has been connected to financial incentives for the pharmacist for a long time, however these incentives have been abolished since 2004. Nevertheless, the adoption in the market of generic substitution has not decreased (Vogler Schmickl, 2010). Incentives for the patients In the Netherlands the patients do not have a financial incentive to buy generic medicines because there are no patient co-payments arrangements. Nevertheless, patients do have to pay the outstanding amount when the price of the medicines is above the reference price, which is set by the government (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Poland Incentives for physicians Physicians are not intensively encouraged to prescribe generic medicines. Due to the historical background physicians are already accustomed with the use and prescription of generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Incentives for pharmacist Generic substitution is allowed by pharmacists; whenever a branded drug is prescribed a pharmacist may replace this by a generic substitution. Pharmacists are obliged to inform the patients about the generic substitution. Price reductions implemented by pharmaceutical companies encourage pharmacists to prescribe generic medicines (Simoens, 2009). Incentives for the patient There are four levels of reimbursement for the patient. The first level includes a fixed amount per prescription which will be reimbursed when these are essential medicines. The second and third level consist of supplementary medicines which will be charged to the patient through the co-patient system. The patients have to pay 30 to 50 per cent themselves. The fourth level holds that other prescribed medicines which are not on the reimbursement list will be fully paid by the medicine user (the patient). However, initiatives to inform the patients about generic medicines have not been presented (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Portugal Incentives for physicians In 2002, a regulation was implemented in Portugal which formulated that from that moment on physicians would be obliged to prescribe a generic medicine if possible. However, physicians and pharmacists are free to add brand medicines to prescriptions that include more than one medicine, of which at least one is generic. The physicians are to inform the patient about other generic medicines and the accompanying price differences. Even though guidelines are available, the system has not been fully implemented. An explanation for this is that the physicians and the pharmacists are neither being rewarded for prescribing, nor being punished when not prescribing generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Incentives for pharmacists Physicians can indicate whether they permit generic substitution on the prescription form. In the cases that generic substitution is allowed by the physician, the pharmacists have to prescribe the cheapest generic medicines available. Pharmacists do not have any financial incentive to prescribe generic medicines as the generic margins for pharmacists have been dramatically low since the introduction of the regulation in 2005 (the overall reduction of generic medicines prices) (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Incentives for patients Portugal has 5 different levels of reimbursement. In the first level 100 per cent of the medicine will be reimbursed when they are classified as life saving. The second level holds that 95 per cent of the medicines will be reimbursed, the third level holds 70 per cent, the fourth level 40 per cent, and the fifth level holds a percentage of 20 per cent. Patients with a low income will receive a 15 per cent additional compensation on the stated reimbursement level. Until 2005, patients were rewarded with a 10 per cent additional reimbursement when they asked for a generic substitution. However, with the abolishment of the reward system of 10 per cent, the patient will now only receive a price reduction of 6 per cent for the use of generic medicines. The patient does not have an incentive but rather a discouraging effect to use generic medicines. Nevertheless, pro-generic campaigns have been introduced by the government since 2006; the effects of these campaigns are not yet clear (Simoens de Coster, 2006). Previous research shows that the patient co-payment arrangement in Poland and Portugal plays a visible role in stimulating the use and adoption for generic medicines (Simoens de Coster, 2006). For an overall overview of the regulation implemented across these three countries a table is presented below. Marketing implications A generic medicine should appear under the international non-proprietary name (INN). This entails, that a generic medicine should be marketed without a commercial brand name but in fact, three categories there can be distinguished; branded generics (copies of generic medicines with their own brand name), semi-branded generics (products marketed under the INN following the name of the manufacturer of the medicines) and medicines marketed under INN (Garattini Tediosi, 2000). The EU directive 65/65/EEC was established, to approve marketing of a drug. An allowance for introducing a generic medicine and detailing these medicines should be supported by several data available of the generic medicines (for example clinical data.) There are a lot of restrictions concerning advertisements and promotion activities of pharmaceutical products. These are presented by the The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2004) .Together with price regulation, advertising plays an important role in the pharmaceutical market. In general patients are uninformed about the most effective and available treatments, they depend on the diagnosis and treatment suggestion from the physician. Since the physician will prescribe the medicine it can be stated that they will directly affect the extent of competition between different treatments and medicines available. Therefore it not remarkable that the physician is the target of huge advertisement campaigns and that detailing in the pharmaceutical industry is mainly focused on physicians (Kà ¶nigbauer, 2006). The volume of detailing in the pharmaceutical market depends on several factors such as: the prevalence of the disease, the amount of competition for the medicine, the number of physicians who might prescribe the generic medicines, and like any other product in a market, taking into account the product life cycle of the product (Berndt, et al 2007). Chapter 4 What is the role of these regulations on the adoption of generics? Market authorisation Approval of generic medicines The success of a gene Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-52057681156039314732020-01-19T13:11:00.001-08:002020-01-19T13:11:02.631-08:00In Watermelon Sugar and Tunnel Music :: Watermelon SugarIn Watermelon Sugar and Tunnel Music The clearest vision of reality is often the most abstract. While the rise of science and progress suffocate the notion of an extrasensory experience within the reading of literature, the phenomena persist. Meanings are communicated, participating in a magnificent cosmic-cultural aura, penetrating a communication of meaning, intent, and scandalously--truth. There is a process of intertextuality occurring, a conversation between authors, texts themselves, and the readers who venture to interpret them. Richard Brautigan's imaginary novel, In Watermelon Sugar converses well with a poem written many years after his death, Tunnel Music by Mark Doty. This conversation appears to be about the collapse of our techno-egocentric society. Because of the cryptic nature of In Watermelon Sugar, it aids analysis to offer some form of comparison to its labyrinthine meanings. Through the lens of Mark Doty's poem, a particular feature of the novel is offered a clarity and relevance of vision: the Forgotten Works are indicative "of the coming world." (Doty 27) Allow me first to outline the basic feeling of the novel and how the Works figure into their lives. To paraphrase William James, generally there is a smell of watermelons. At once the novella details a simple community of nature-minded folk, centered on a compound called iDEATH, a place "always changing" (Brautigan 16) with trees, and a river "flowing out of the living room." At iDEATH, the sun shines a different color every day, making the watermelon crops reflect that color. The people of iDEATH make "a great many things out of" watermelon sugar. (Brautigan 1-2) Sculpting their lives from this sugar, and mixing it with trout, they have lantern oil. Brautigan once said "everything in America is about trout fishing if you've got the correct attitude." (McDonnell) Rivers run everywhere here, they take the qualities of whatever the reader would like them too, if you look hard enough--everything can be a river. "Some of the rivers are only a few inches wide. . . I know a river that is half-an-inch wide. . . We call everything a river here. We're that kind of people." (Brautigan 2) Beyond iDEATH and the trout hatchery are the Forgotten Works. They "go on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on." (Brautigan 69) They are "hammered out" as Mark Doty puts it. The Works are "much bigger than we are. In Watermelon Sugar and Tunnel Music :: Watermelon Sugar In Watermelon Sugar and Tunnel Music The clearest vision of reality is often the most abstract. While the rise of science and progress suffocate the notion of an extrasensory experience within the reading of literature, the phenomena persist. Meanings are communicated, participating in a magnificent cosmic-cultural aura, penetrating a communication of meaning, intent, and scandalously--truth. There is a process of intertextuality occurring, a conversation between authors, texts themselves, and the readers who venture to interpret them. Richard Brautigan's imaginary novel, In Watermelon Sugar converses well with a poem written many years after his death, Tunnel Music by Mark Doty. This conversation appears to be about the collapse of our techno-egocentric society. Because of the cryptic nature of In Watermelon Sugar, it aids analysis to offer some form of comparison to its labyrinthine meanings. Through the lens of Mark Doty's poem, a particular feature of the novel is offered a clarity and relevance of vision: the Forgotten Works are indicative "of the coming world." (Doty 27) Allow me first to outline the basic feeling of the novel and how the Works figure into their lives. To paraphrase William James, generally there is a smell of watermelons. At once the novella details a simple community of nature-minded folk, centered on a compound called iDEATH, a place "always changing" (Brautigan 16) with trees, and a river "flowing out of the living room." At iDEATH, the sun shines a different color every day, making the watermelon crops reflect that color. The people of iDEATH make "a great many things out of" watermelon sugar. (Brautigan 1-2) Sculpting their lives from this sugar, and mixing it with trout, they have lantern oil. Brautigan once said "everything in America is about trout fishing if you've got the correct attitude." (McDonnell) Rivers run everywhere here, they take the qualities of whatever the reader would like them too, if you look hard enough--everything can be a river. "Some of the rivers are only a few inches wide. . . I know a river that is half-an-inch wide. . . We call everything a river here. We're that kind of people." (Brautigan 2) Beyond iDEATH and the trout hatchery are the Forgotten Works. They "go on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on." (Brautigan 69) They are "hammered out" as Mark Doty puts it. The Works are "much bigger than we are. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-15691765785290126062020-01-11T09:35:00.001-08:002020-01-11T09:35:03.944-08:00Campuses of collegesA century ago,the campuses of colleges and universities across the United States might as well have hung out a sign that read ââ¬Å"Men Molasses's all of the students and faculty were male. There were a small number of women's colleges, but many more schools-including some of the best known U. S. Universities such as Yale, Harvard, and Princeton-barred women outright. Since then,women have won greater social equality. By 1 980, the number of women enrolled at u. . Colleges finally matched the number of men. In a surprising trend, however, the share of women on campus has continued to Increase. As a result, In 2005, men accounted for only percent of all u. s. Undergraduates. The gender gap Is evident In all racial and ethnic categories and at all class levels. Among African Americans on campus, only 33 percent are men. The lower the Income level, the greater the gender gap In college attendance.Meg Delano noticed the gender Imbalance right away when she moved Into her dorm at the uni versity of Georgia at Athens; she soon learned that just 39 percent of her iris-year classmates were men. In some classes,there were few men, and women usually dominated discussions. Out of class, Delano and many other women soon complained that having so few men on campus hurt their social life. Not surprisingly, most of the men felt otherwise. What accounts for the shifting gender balance on U. S. Campuses?One theory is that many young men are drawn away from college by the lure of Jobs, especially in high technology. This pattern is sometimes termed theâ⬠Bill Gates syndrome,â⬠after the an who dropped out of college and soon became the world's richest person by helping to found Microsoft. Thus,many boys have unrealistic expectations about their earning power if they don't have an education. In addition, analysts point to an anti-intellectual male culture. More young women are drawn to learning and seek to do well in school, whereas some young men attach less Importance to studying.According to Judith Killed,in the Journal Gender Issues, stereotyping is also holding boys back, Because girls generally have more plopped social skills and are better behaved than boys, they perform better In school, which then prà ²?pares them for college. Boys,on the other hand, are often labeled as less cooperative and more likely to act out In classrooms, which can affect their grades. Rightly or wrongly, more men seem to think they can get a good Job without Investing years of their lives and a considerable amount of money In getting a college degree.Many college officials are concerned about the lack of men on campus. N an effort to attract more balanced enrollmentsâ⬠some colleges are adopting what amounts to affirmative action programs for males. But courts In several states have already ruled such polices Illegal. Many colleges,therefore, are turning to more active recruitment; admissions officers are paying special attention to male applicants stressing a college's strength in mathematics and science-areas striving to increase their share of minority students, the hope is that they can also succeed in attracting a larger share of men. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-10050629559624353692020-01-03T05:58:00.001-08:002020-01-03T05:58:03.954-08:00Islam The Attack On The World Trade Center Essay Mohamed Omar 9/11 or the attack on the world trade center is often thought have relations with Islam. The mainstream media often portrays Muslims as all extremist and radicalizers. ââ¬Å"Soon shall We cast terror into the hearts of the Unbelievers.â⬠(Quran 3:15) This is an excerpt from the Quran which can be found in numerous subway stations that are sponsored by the American Defense Initiative. Sponsoring and selectively choosing quotes creates the illusion that Islam is an inherently violent religion. Every Abrahamic religion has a book, often those books are taken out of context and used to support gruesome ideologies. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Because God liked Abel s animal sacrifice more than Cain s vegetables, Cain kills his brother Abel in a fit of religious jealousy.â⬠(Old Testament 4:8) The word Islam derives from the root (à ³Ãâà §Ãâ¦) Salaam which translates to peace. Although Islamââ¬â¢s literal meaning translates to peace it is the most hated religion in the United States. Supposedly ruled by egomaniac pedophiles, Islam is thought to be a religion ruled by fear and extreme punishments stuck in its old times. Sadly, more often than not, people who believe these such things about participants in the Islamic culture commit hate crimes against the universal group. I hope to reoriented you from these objective ideas about Muslims and Islamophobia. (Boigon) In relation to recent events Islamophobia has been ubiquitous in the mainstream media, politics and many misinformed people in society. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedConstruction Of An Islamic Community Center At 51 Park Street897 Words à |à 4 Pagesconstruction of an Islamic community center at 51 Park Street. This community center would be in close proximity of the site of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center during 9/11. Many people argued that the community center should not be built in such close proximity to the site of the attack. These people believed that the construction of the community center would be insensitive to the those who mourned over the deaths of loved ones. The land surrounding the attack is sacred to Americans. 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A religion that was established in Arabia suddenly extended to the natives of Spain, Africa, and China (ââ¬Å"Background-Two Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-43412020747376024812019-12-26T02:25:00.001-08:002019-12-26T02:25:03.687-08:00African Americans from 1865 - 2319 Words African Americans from 1865 Sandelle Studway HIS204 Joseph Scahill 01/22/13 African Americans from 1865 African Americans have fought a great battle to become a part of society in America. Since being taken from African as slaves in the 1600ââ¬â¢s there has been a continuous battle for equality since. Since the end of slavery Black Americans have had many accomplishments along with hardships. In this paper I will discuss some of the Major events in African American history beginning with the end of slavery which has lead to the America we know today. In 1865 Congress passed the thirteenth Amendment statingâ⬠Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shallâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Bureau was renewed by a Congressional bill in 1866 but was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who thought it was unconstitutional. Johnson was opposed to having the federal government secure black rights. Congress passed the bill over his veto. Southern whites were basically opposed to blacks having any rights at all, and the Bureau lacked military force to back up its authority as the army had been quickly disbanded and most of the soldiers assigned to the Western frontier. The Bureau was able to accomplish some of its goals, especially in the field of education. frontier. The Bureau was able to accomplish some of its goals, especially in the field of education. There is much more African American has to overcome and many victories and defeat, In the process of fighting for equality in 1909 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by W.E.B. Du Bois. For the next half century, it would serve as the countrys most influential African-American civil rights organization. In 1910, its journal, The Crisis, was launched. Among its well known leaders were James Weldon Johnson, Ella Baker, Moorfield Storey, Walter White, Roy Wilkins, Benjamin Hooks, Myrlie Evers-Williams, Julian Bond, and Kwesi Mfume. 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Prior to the Civil war, slaves hoped freedom would give them the right of equal status in American society, but their dream of an egalitarian America was impeded after Lincolnââ¬â¢s assassination. To add to former slave woes, the southern economy lay destitute. Many southerners felt the added wage earners (former slaves) would destroy the co tton businessââ¬â¢s productivity. 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TheRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words à |à 7 Pages The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The Civil War changed the nation Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-11927632788244206452019-12-17T22:13:00.001-08:002019-12-17T22:13:02.876-08:00Differences Between Nature Vs Nurture Essay - 1894 Words Throughout this paper, we will be comparing similarities and differences between our seven members based on the Big Five Inventory test results to our Zodiac sign attributes. Each member of Psychology 101 Group 14 was required to take the OCEAN Big Personality Quiz, and then compare the results to the other members of the team. Then after looking at the results individual members compared their scores to their Zodiac signs to see if they could identify similarities. To begin, while looking at our comparatives scores of the OCEAN Big 5 Personality quizzes, we found that a few group members were similar, although there was many differences in the group too. For example, Gabe and Damon were similar in Openness, with a score of 41 and 35 respectively. On the other hand, Socoro and Vivianna were outliers in the group, with Vivianna having a score of 5, and Socoro with a score of 59. We believe while the scores are closely related, our reasons for being close together in Openness value mor e shows the debate between nature vs nurture. Gabeââ¬â¢s belief on being in the 35th percentile is how he was raised throughout his family environment similar to Kaitlyn in the 41st percentile, while Damonââ¬â¢s belief for being in the 41st percentile was more so being born into the statistic rather than recalling any events that contributed to his score. Rachael scored in the 16th percentile, which indicates a preference of a more regular schedule. She believes that this is because of how sheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words à |à 5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. 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The findingsRead MoreAdoption : Nature Vs Nurture1216 Words à |à 5 PagesEric Fraley 4th hour English 3 Mrs. Laluzerne Jan, 12, 2016 Adoption Nature vs Nurture What makes someone an unique individual? Centuries of ancestors, genetics, evolution and heredity, or is what makes someone who they are based simply on how they were raised and what sort of environment they were raised in? The idea of Nature vs Nurture was created in 1869 in a book called Hereditary Genius by Francis Galton. In his book, he explains his findings on his exploration of the inheritance andRead MoreNature vs. Nurture818 Words à |à 3 PagesNature Versus Nurture Introduction: There are few mysteries that are greater or provoke more debate than that which dictates human individuality. Sociologists, psychologists and genealogists have long argued over the roles played by the inherent genetic and biological features of an individual and the environmental, contextual and experiential realities surrounding the individual where the development of personality, ability and orientation are concerned. This underscores the debate between natureRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words à |à 5 Pagestends to feel fat, fear being fat, remain obsessed with losing weight, and sometimes exercise excessively. According to Weir (2016), individuals are basically starving themselves to death. According to Myers (2014), bulimia individuals alternate between binge eating and purging through vomiting or laxative use. Weir (2016) goes on to say that women more than men experience anorexia and bulimia during their teen or early adult years. Weir (2016) goes on t o say that bulimia, if untreated, can leadRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture in Mary Shelleyà ´s Frankenstein1008 Words à |à 4 PagesNature vs. Nurture Francis Galton, the English Victorian polymath first coined the term, Nature vs. Nurture in 1871, when he considered how much influence our upbringing had on our fate, and whether or not our destiny was preset. Long before the term Nature vs. Nurture was coined, Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s 1818 novel, Frankenstein, explored the idea of nature vs. nurture in the context of creation. The greatest exemplification of Nature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein is explored in the fate of the Creature, whoRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words à |à 5 Pagesanother theory that was engaged in the era of cognitive development. It is possible to better understand Piaget theory and Information Processing theory by comparing several important aspects of developmental psychology: nature of humans, quantitative or qualitative, and nature or nurture. Piaget Cognitive Theory To begin with, Piagetââ¬â¢s cognitive theory has four stages. According to Miller,2011 she states that Piaget described each stage and referred them to the ability of human understanding. First Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-4913603505455229902019-12-09T18:55:00.001-08:002019-12-09T18:55:05.038-08:00Pop Culture WarsReligion The Role of Enterta Essay Example For Students Pop Culture WarsReligion The Role of Enterta Essay inment In American Life Mass Media In Society Pop Culture Wars As the title proudly blares, William Romanowskis book is an informative look at pop culture and how it relates to American society. The book begins with a passionate story about a towns love for their statue of the popular character Rocky, a down out boxer who makes it big. The town became enraged and crying freedom of speech rights when officials attempt to move the statue to a local sports arena from the museum where it rests.. However, because the statue was in the image of a low-class movie hero, the museum insisted that the statue was not art, but rather an icon of sports and entertainment and should be moved. This upset the people of the city, who then petitioned until the statue was replaced on the museum steps. This is a great example to start off this book, because it reflects the cultural struggles between the hi-class and the low-class entertainment worlds in America throughout recent history. Entertainment. The book approaches the subject from a mostly worldly point of view at first. It talks about ratings and labels for entertainment, but I must question if that is the way a Christian should look at it. If a rating is placed on it, that will not make the problem go away. As a Christian community, we should take up the fight to abolish the problem. This is also tricky because what do we determine is good or bad? If we use previous examples from American history, as learned in the first few chapters of the book, more problems will be created than solved. In the first few chapters of the book, Romanowski gives a wonderfully repetitive history of theater, vaudeville, and other forms of then questionable entertainment such as opera houses and beer gardens. The conflict begins with the rise of low culture entertainment that appeals to the working class, the immigrants, and the un-sophisticated populace. This made the distinction between high and low cultures, high (symphonies, fine art, sculpture, etc.. ) being for the elite and well-educated, while low was associated with the lower, working class that included immigrants. Through the chapters, Romanowski illustrates the inflation of this division, as well as the conflict between the people and the Church regarding entertainment. Chapter three discusses how the people of America were searching for a unifying principle or common faith that would hold the nations people together. What they found instead was an uprise in immorality and a decrease in the high culture. This could mean only one thing: low culture was bad. Theater, Opera Houses, Vaudeville, and Nickelodeons all got their bad connotations from this era because of their appeal to the lower, less moral people of society. Therefore, the Church had to place a moral stance against this apostasy of the holiness of American culture, and place a ban on all low forms of entertainment. The churchs prohibition of amusements could not suppress peoples desire for it. (p 84) As hard as the Church tried, their suppression of the amusements didnt stunt their growth in any way, in fact it only made it worse. Eventually, the high forms of entertainment (theater, etc) were losing money and patronization began. More money was given to the amusements than to the Church. The entertainment of these theaters then had to stoop to the lowest moral level to appeal to the broadest array of audience. Eventually, the Church gave up its fight again the theater and began to use it as a tool for the Church, as they later do with all forms of media that they have protested, such as television, radio, music, and even comics. Eventually, with all the good entertainment in the industry, other producers began to clean-up too, and eventually the industry was decent (even though it was still full of innuendos, double entendres, and suggestions of immorality), however it did not last long and was over looked when the television and the radio emerged on the scene. .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .postImageUrl , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:hover , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:visited , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:active { border:0!important; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:active , .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956 .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2329732d9be4055100adf0d13d14d956:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The importance of being earnest EssayRomanowski gives a great illustration of the Churchs struggle to stay inside the cultural movements of the day while still committed to Christian values . Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-90765202947790878732019-12-02T06:37:00.001-08:002019-12-02T06:37:07.546-08:00My Broyhers Peculiar chicken free essay sample What hard liquor, cigarettes, heroin, and crack have in common is that theyre all more concentrated forms of less addictive predecessors. Most if not all the things we describe as addictive are. And the scary thing is the process that created them is accelerating. We wouldnt want to stop it. Its the same process that cures diseases: technological progress. Technological progress means making things do more of what we want. When the thing we want is something we want to want, we consider technological progress good. If some new technique makes solar cells x% more efficient, that seems strictly better. When progress concentrates something we dont want to wantââ¬âwhen it transforms opium into heroinââ¬âit seems bad. But its the same process at work. Could you restrict technological progress to areas where you wanted it? Only in a limited way, without becoming a police state. We will write a custom essay sample on My Broyhers Peculiar chicken or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And even then your restrictions would have undesirable side effects. Good and bad technological progresses arenââ¬â¢t sharply differentiated, so youd find you couldnt slow the latter without also slowing the former. And in any case, as Prohibition and the war on drugs show, bans often do more harm than good. No one doubts this process is accelerating, which means increasing numbers of things we like will be transformed into things we like too much. Technology has always been accelerating. By Paleolithic standards, technology evolved at a blistering pace in the Neolithic period. As far as I know theres no word for something we like too much. The closest is the colloquial sense of addictive. That usage has become increasingly common during my lifetime. And its clear why: there are an increasing number of things we need it for. At the extreme end of the spectrum are crack and meth. Food has been transformed by a combination of factory farming and innovations in food processing into something with way more immediate bang for the buck, and you can see the results in any town in America. Checkers and solitaire have been replaced by World of War craft and Farmville. Television has become much more engaging, and even so it cant compete with the most famous of nowadays-Facebook. The world is more addictive than it was 40 years ago. And unless the forms of technological progress that produced these things are subject to different laws than technological progress in general, the world will get more addictive in the next 40 years than it did in the last 40. The next 40 years will bring us some wonderful things. I dont mean to imply theyre all to be avoided. Alcohol is a dangerous drug, but Id rather live in a world with wine than one without. Most people can coexist with alcohol; but you have to be careful. More things we like will mean more things we have to be careful about. Most people wont, unfortunately. Which means that as the world becomes more addictive, the two senses in which one can live a normal life will be driven ever further apart? One sense of normal is statistically normal: what everyone else does. The other is the sense we mean when we talk about the normal operating range of a piece of machinery: what works best. These two senses are already quite far apart. Already someone trying to live well would seem eccentrically abstemious in most of the US. That phenomenon is only going to become more pronounced. You can probably take it as a rule of thumb from now on that if people dont think youre weird, youre living badly. Societies eventually develop antibodies to addictive new things. Ive seen that happen with cigarettes. When cigarettes first appeared, they spread the way an infectious disease spreads through a previously isolated population. Smoking rapidly became a (statistically) normal thing. There were ashtrays everywhere. We had ashtrays in our house when I was a kid, even though neither of my parents smoked. You had to for guests. As knowledge spread about the dangers of smoking, customs changed. In the last 20 years, smoking has been transformed from something that seemed totally normal into a rather seedy habit: from something movie stars did in publicity shots to something small huddles of addicts do outside the doors of office buildings. A lot of the change was due to legislation, of course, but the legislation couldnt have happened if customs hadnt already changed. It took a while thoughââ¬âon the order of 100 years. And unless the rate at which social antibodies evolve can increase to match the accelerating rate at which technological progress throws off new addictions, well be increasingly unable to rely on customs to protect us. Unless we mass produce social customs. I suspect the recent resurgence of evangelical Christianity in the US is partly a reaction to drugs. In desperation people reach for the sledgehammer; if their kids wont listen to them, maybe theyll listen to God. But that solution has broader consequences than just getting kids to say no to drugs. You end up saying no to science as well. I worry we may be heading for a future in which only a few people plot their own itinerary through no-land, while everyone else books a package tour. Or worse still, has one booked for them by the government. Unless we want to be canaries in the coal mine of each new addictionââ¬âthe people whose sad example becomes a lesson to future generationsââ¬âwell have to figure out for ourselves what to avoid and how. It will actually become a reasonable strategy (or a more reasonable strategy) to suspect everything. In fact, even that wont be enough. Well have to worry not just about new things, but also about existing things becoming more addictive. Thats what bit me. Ive avoided most addictions, but the Internet got me because it became addictive while I was using it. People commonly use the word procrastination to describe what they do on the Internet. It seems to me too mild to describe whats happening as merely not-doing-work. We dont call it procrastination when someone gets drunk instead of working. Most people I know have problems with Internet addiction. Were all trying to figure out our own customs for getting free of it. Thats why I dont have an iPhone, for example; the last thing I want is for the Internet to follow me out into the world. Several people have told me they like the iPad because it lets them bring the Internet into situations where a laptop would be too conspicuous. In other words, its a hip flask. This is true of the iPhone too, of course, but this advantage isnt as obvious because it reads as a phone, and everyones used to those. My latest trick is taking long hikes. I used to think running was a better form of exercise than hiking because it took less time. Now the slowness of hiking seems an advantage, because the longer I spend on the trail, the longer I have to think without interruption. Sounds pretty eccentric, doesnt it? It always will when youre trying to solve problems where there are no customs yet to guide you. Maybe I cant plead Occams razor; maybe Im simply eccentric. But if Im right about the acceleration of addictiveness, then this kind of lonely squirming to avoid it will increasingly be the fate of anyone who wants to get things done. Well increasingly be defined by what we say no to. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-14997799812652818102019-11-26T23:59:00.001-08:002019-11-26T23:59:03.447-08:00Optimizing Your Content With Arienne Holland Of Raven ToolsOptimizing Your Content With Arienne Holland Of Raven Tools On this blog, we talk a lot aboutà optimizing your content to your audience and understanding what kind of content they want to consume, but thats always a tricky proposition. Why? Its easy to get off-target and create content that is focused on what your peers want instead of what your true audience wants. Plus, with so many content possibilities, the challenge is toà choose just the content your audience needs without distracting yourself with content that isà little more than extra work. Arienne Holland, from Raven Tools, reveals how they stay on track with their content marketing. Tell us a bit about yourself. Iââ¬â¢m Arienne Holland, director of marketing and customer experience for Raven. Our software helps busy online marketers manage and report on their campaigns efficiently. Teams of search, social and content marketers can use a single, affordable tool to collaborate on and automate as much of their work as possible. Sometimes I joke that I market marketing software to marketers. But itââ¬â¢s true. How big is your content marketing team? One senior digital marketing strategist, Nicolette Beard - SEO, blogging, online advertising, email marketing and outreach are her specialties. One social media marketing strategist, Nate Baker - à organic and paid social campaigns are his primary responsibilities, along with affiliate management and blogging. One marketing UX designer - à Sarah Musselman. 90% web design; some print campaigns. Then there are the six others who communicate more directly with customers. Those folks create our Help Desk content, answer questions, conduct live training, coordinate software testing and lead our new referral program. Theyââ¬â¢re all dedicated, intelligent and friendly people. Itââ¬â¢s a great time. What is the biggest challenge you have when it comes to your teamââ¬â¢s workflow, communication and content creation? So many ideas for so many channels, not enough time! We are a private company with a huge customer base worldwide. We want to be a brand that our customers can trust, so weââ¬â¢re careful to make good decisions. Sometimes that means we donââ¬â¢t publish things we donââ¬â¢t have time to ââ¬Å"do right.â⬠Other times it means that we have to choose our marketing channels extremely carefully. Sure, it would be fantastic to have a ââ¬Å"Behind-the-Scenes at Ravenâ⬠Instagram account - this company has some great visual moments. But thatââ¬â¢s secondary to providing content that our customers need, not just content they might enjoy. Sure, it would be fantastic to have a ââ¬Å"Behind-the-Scenes at Ravenâ⬠Instagram account - this company has some great visual moments. But thatââ¬â¢s secondary to providing content that our customersà need, not just content they might enjoy. @RavenArienne Prioritizing is hard. No ever said important things were easy, though. What changes have you noticed in content marketing over the past year or so? What changes and trends do you think will occur in content marketing in the upcoming year? Video content has improved in quality, relevance to customers and importance in marketing. Itââ¬â¢s one of those places Iââ¬â¢m dying to focus - just read the past few months of articles on Think with Google and youââ¬â¢ll see why. Also, at Digital East this week in Washington D.C., I spoke about mobile marketing. Itââ¬â¢s not a buzzword. Mobile technology (from phones to tablets to eBooks to whatever wearable comes next) is a way of life. Hereââ¬â¢s one example: 90% of Americans own cell phones - and 75% of them admit to taking them to the bathroom! Compare that to the 78% who own a desktop or laptop computer. I canââ¬â¢t say I recall dragging my MacBook Pro into the bathroom lately to get some work done. Have you? So mobile is life changing technology, and I can see why brands see potential here for marketing. But is it worth the $7 billion that American marketers spent on mobile in 2013, without any clear way to measure success? Some of it, sure. Other things were likely a total waste of money. Before anyone jumps into mobile marketing opportunities, itââ¬â¢s important to prioritize on based on your audience - existing and potential - and every scrap of data you already have about what marketing tactics work for you. Before you jump into mobile marketing, itââ¬â¢s important to prioritize on based on your audienceWhat are the most common mistakes you see people making when it comes to content marketing? 1. Not knowing the existing audience and the target audience, something you have to uncover using analytics or other data. Those without a love for data can see this kind of information as a threat. It hurts to know that someone you wrote that took you three days was viewed by fewer than 20 people. But donââ¬â¢t you want to know why, so you can do a better job next time? Often I find that people havenââ¬â¢t matched their content to their audience. Data can help you analyze what to improve. 2. Focusing on social channels to the neglect of the only channel any brand truly owns: its website. Social media marketers tend to emphasize metrics that help them improve individual network engagement or specific content on those networks. What matters to me is, how many of those people ended up back at my website? Thatââ¬â¢s where I sell to them. Thatââ¬â¢s where they need to be. Social is just one path to get people to the most important destination: your website. 3. Smaller brands or SMBs that start with social marketing before email marketing. 4. No unique voice or ideas to contribute to the conversation. 5. Creating content for peers, not for audiences. This happens a lot with search marketers. They write and write and write in obvious bids to get the attention of industry influencers. I never can figure out why, because surely if they spent all that time writing content to help their clients understand search marketing, they would end up with more business. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-26569846689486268902019-11-23T07:33:00.001-08:002019-11-23T07:33:03.091-08:00Bacteria and Food PoisoningBacteria and Food Poisoning The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that around 80 million people a year in the U.S. alone contract food poisoning or other foodborne diseases. Foodborne illness is caused by eating or drinking food that contains disease causing agents. The most common causes of foodborne diseases are bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Foods containing toxic chemicals can cause foodborne diseases as well. Typically, our immune system fights off germs to prevent illness. However, some bacteria and viruses have developed ways of avoiding immune system defenses and causing sickness. These germs release proteins that help them avoid detection by white blood cells. In addition, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become increasingly prevalent and a worldwide public health issue. Strains of resistant E. coli and MRSA have become increasingly proficient at causing infection and avoiding immune defenses. These germs can survive on everyday objects and cause disease. There are over two hundred types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause foodborne diseases. Reactions to these germs can range from mild gastric and digestive system discomfort to death. The easiest way to prevent foodborne illness is to properly handle and cook foods. This includes washing and drying your hands, washing utensils carefully, replacing kitchen sponges often, and cooking meat thoroughly. Below is a list of a few bacteria that cause foodborne diseases, along with the foods that are associated with them, as well as symptoms that are likely to develop from ingesting the contaminated foods. Bacteria That Cause Foodborne Illness Microbe - Aeromonas hydrophilaAffiliated Foods - Fish, Shellfish, Beef, Pork, Lamb, and PoultryDiseases - Gastroenteritis, SepticemiaSymptoms - Diarrhea, Blood and Mucus in Stool à Microbe - Bacillus cereu Affiliated Foods - Meats, Milk, Rice, Potato, and Cheese ProductsDiseases - B. cereus Food PoisoningSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Cramps, Nausea à Microbe - Campylobacter jejuni Affiliated Foods - Raw Chicken, Unpasteurized Milk, Non-chlorinated WaterDiseases - B. cereus CampylobacteriosisSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Cramps, Nausea and Fever, Headache and Muscle Pain à Microbe - Clostridium botulinum Affiliated Foods - Canned Foods Including: Vegetables, Meats, and SoupsDiseases - Foodborne BotulismSymptoms - Weakness, Double Vision and Vertigo, Difficulty in Speaking, Swallowing, and Breathing, Constipation à Microbe - Clostridium perfringens Affiliated Foods - Non-refrigerated Prepared Foods: Meats and Meat Products, GravyDiseases - Perfringens Food PoisoningSymptoms - Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea à Microbe - Escherichia coli O157:H7Affiliated Foods - Undercooked Meats, Raw Ground BeefDiseases - Hemorrhagic colitisSymptoms - Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting à Microbe - Listeria monocytogenes Affiliated Foods - Dairy Products, Raw Vegetables, Raw Meats, Smoked FishDiseases - ListeriosisSymptoms - Flu-like Symptoms, Persistent Fever, Nausea and Vomiting, Diarrhea à Microbe - Salmonella spp. Affiliated Foods - Poultry and Eggs, Milk and Dairy Products, Raw Meats, Fish, Shrimp, Peanut ButterDiseases - SalmonellosisSymptoms - Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Fever, Headache, Diarrhea à Microbe - Shigella spp Affiliated Foods - Poultry, Milk and Dairy Products, Raw Vegetables, Fecally contaminated water, Salads: Potato, Chicken, Tuna, ShrimpDiseases - ShigellosisSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Fever, Vomiting, Blood or Mucus in Stool à Microbe - Staphylococcus aureus Affiliated Foods - Poultry and Egg Products, Meat Products, Dairy ProductsDiseases - Staphyloenterotoxicosis, StaphyloenterotoxemiaSymptoms - Abdominal Cramping, Nausea and Vomiting, Prostration à Microbe - Vibrio cholerae Affiliated Foods - Contaminated Water, ShellfishDiseases - CholeraSymptoms - Watery Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Dehydration, Vomiting, Shock For additional information on bacteria, food poisoning, and foodborne diseases, take a look at the Bad Bug Book. Again, the single most important thing you can do to prevent foodborne illness is to keep your environment clean when preparing food. This includes washing your hands with soap and water and sanitizing utensils and counter tops. In addition, it is vital that you cook meats thoroughly to ensure that germs are killed. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-10986308720395432742019-11-21T04:29:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:29:15.277-08:00Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsCultural studies - Essay Example Despite this shift Bengalis, be it Hindu or Muslims did share a greater cultural similarity than what superficial boundaries failed to erase. The irony behind this cultural similarity between East Bengal (now Bangladesh) and West Bengal explains the complete disadvantage of categorizing literature or cultural studies within nationalistic homogenizing forces. If nationalization or neo-imperialism or globalization is seen as cultural homogenization, then cultural fragmentation and intercultural conflict or issues of ethnocide are also serious issues that haunt us with World War II memories. But are the poles of cultural studies thus stretched between these two stereotypes Aren't we approaching greater possibilities of cultural exchanges and the exciting new cultural hybridity that do not threaten cultural purity, but add new and socio-economic, spiritual and discursive voices to the present zeitgeist of our age by virtue of which we remain unique to our historical time travel The essay " 'Indian Literature': Notes Towards the Definition of a Category", posits the argument that cultural and linguistic exclusivity of various languages and their corresponding literatures are weak at encouraging actual overlapping translations between themselves and the cultural context, where they developed or grew through continuous interaction and affecting their linguistic differences. Thus knowledge of "Indian Literature"(however controversial the term is) is being generated in the medium of English, since the rare combination of, say, a Punjabi folklore (in a Punjabi local dialect or even major language) being integrated into Bengali literature by another Bengali author who has quite a deft hand at understanding that specific sub-division of Punjabi language or culture. Thus in spite of bridging the cultural gap between varied cultures in India, it only creates a chasm with its linguistic function due to inherent symbolic gaps or meanings gathered or generated by its id eological or discursive order or burden. Again, this lead to the very question of information and its readers, since, the finer points of intercultural translation are no necessary to a class of people who are literate, dependent on the print media for preservation of culture that cannot but precipitate the words and ideological, spiritual and social practices of the Subalterns in their complex standing. Thus gap between the vocabularies of the petit bourgeoisie and the general or popular is great. But, I would like to question the use of the term "popular" by the author, since popular culture has come to reflect the taste and vocabularies of the bourgeoisie classes and the subalterns are hardly presented in such cultural representations. Indian Literature is either categorized in its ancient period of literary production or under a generic name that does not always add to the production of a unified literary indigenous history where all exist independently unaware of another cultur e or their mutual linguistic interdependence. Textual exchanges are scarce. With chronological imposition on Indian History that do not let history thrive under the vast confusion of overlapped and interrelated periods despite gaps in time or space, Indian Literature has become a sharp Enlightenment induced linear, teleological product of "Universal History" and have forgotten to voice its histories and metanarratives under the troubling demands of multiculturalism, gaps in vernacular exchange realized not until the beginning of post-colonial cultural studies, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-40735243291596174282019-11-19T20:25:00.001-08:002019-11-19T20:25:02.869-08:00High Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsHigh Employee Turnover - Essay Example These expenses are especially felt for lower paying jobs which turn out to be jobs that have a high employee turnover. Some of the expenses involved include advertising for the past, payments being done to the leaving employee, interviews for candidates and subsequent training. This is, in addition to, lose of productivity during that period the employee leaves and replacement with another employee. This paper explores employee retention as a measure of decreasing high turnover by focusing on the methods of assessment and selection, individual and organizational learning, and organizational transformation to find a resolution to the crisis. Methods of assessment and selection According to Carsen (2005, 2) employee retention starts with the application process which precedes recruitment. The applicants start by looking at the agency, and this is followed closely by the initial impressions of the employee during the orientation process, in addition to the subsequent assignments, the em ployee is given, performance ratings, any awards or promotions and off course the overall working conditions. All the above play a role in determining whether an employee decides to leave or stay during that short period. Therefore, the pre-employment assessment forms part of the solution to this trouble of high employee turnover as well as improving employee performance. It is essential that the employer objectively defines and quantifies the behavioral DNA that compels success on the job. This is to mean that the employer has to match the candidates who come for interview against a traditional performance profile for each of the positions that are to be filled in the company. This can be done by correlating the behavioral DNA of the present employees in a company against their performance data to determine the performance profile of the individual. This profile, thus, captures the behavioral and cognitive attributes that are unique to a certain position, and, thus, used to separat e the productivity leaders who will be capable of transcending the other employees. Subjective competencies are deemed an unsuccessful way of coming up with required traits of a particular position, therefore, a flawed way of filing vacant positions in any organization. This is because of absence of tangible correlation between the subjective competencies and the actual success of persons in that position (Carsen, 2005, 33). It is, thus, important that employers use objective competencies to measure the actual behavioral and cognitive traits required for the success of a certain individual in the given position. This means this benchmark of success should be leveraged so that it forms the objective model for the employer in evaluating candidates for specific positions. Therefore, it is important that the assessment strategies be developed having in mind the clear understanding of the knowledge, skills, abilities and characteristics that have to be measured for qualification to a par ticular position (Ongori, 2007, 50). The managers should also ensure that the method of evaluation being used in the process can be connective to, and effectively appraise the requirement being assessed. After a careful assessment of the applicants, hiring should be done on recommendation basis, which falls into four categories. These are recommended which is taken as the strongest match as compared to the others which are 'recommended Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-53954512222522700832019-11-17T08:56:00.001-08:002019-11-17T08:56:02.906-08:00Eastern Philosophy Essay Example for Free Eastern Philosophy Essay Eastern philosophy is the philosophies of the eastern continents. Many postmodern philosophers believe the only variant of Eastern and Western philosophy is that of Geographicââ¬â¢s however some scholars will disagree that it is not geographical but of natural language and investigated thinking. Eastern philosophy touches base with three traditions ââ¬âIndian, Chinese and Persian philosophyââ¬âwhich are just as different from each other as they are from Western philosophy. Eastern religions have not spent as much time as western philosopher questioning the nature of God and his role in the creation of mankind. More recently philosophical schools are teaching both religious and philosophical concepts. East Asian Philosophy includes Confucianism, which is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia[1], Taoism which refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions that have influenced Eastern Asia[2], Shinto which is the indigenous religion of Japan[3], Legalism which was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period[4], and Maoism, which is officially known as Mao Zedong Thought[5]. Indian philosophies were several traditions which included but limited to, Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, Sikh philosophy, Jainism and Carvaka (atheist school of thought with ancient roots in India). Indian philosophers live life by a philosophical custom. They believe this is the righteous way to best live their lives. Whether Indian schools believe in god or not, they all share the same perception of the truth through logical practices. West Asian Philosophies include to Babylonian philosophy, Iranian philosophy, Zoroastrianism, Islamic philosophy, and Sufi philosophy, however they can also be referred to as western philosophies. Babylonian philosophy dates back to the Mesopotamian era which demonstrated certain philosophies of life, in the forms of dialectic, dialogs, epic poetry, folklore, hymns, lyrics, prose, and proverbs. [6] Iranian Philosophy is the same as Persian philosophy and is said to date back to the beginning of the science of philosophy. Zoroastrianism was philosophy influenced Indo-Iranian Philosophy. Islamic philosophy is summed up as the philosophical harmonization of Sufi philosophy reason and faith. Sufi philosophy involves a school of thought, in the form of manuals, dictations, poetry, and other written works as a means of thinking and meditation. In conclusion, Eastern philosophy is more about, the scientific aspect of philosophy without questioning the practically of it. All cultures involved have lived their lives by means of experience and by doing so they have gotten the best out of their lives. Even in religious culture, they do not question the beliefs but rather embrace them without fear of judgment and ridicule from others. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Postmodernist http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy#Classification [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Confucianism [2] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Taoism [3] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shinto [4] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy) [5] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Maoism [6] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7132849049095017576.post-27910697245099005452019-11-14T21:27:00.001-08:002019-11-14T21:27:04.539-08:00The Hutu Tribe :: essays research papers The Hutu Tribe à à à à à The culture of the Hutu and Tutsi tribes of Rwanda, Africa interests me for many reasons. One reason is that they are so diverse from our American way of life. Another reason is that I have heard a little bit about them in the news and by talking to people. This sparked my interest and made me want to learn more about them. I will cover a wide variety of information in my report. This will include the land where they live, their way of life, their history and ancestry, and what the government is like in Rwanda. I don't expect the reader to become an expert on the Hutus and the Tutsis, but I do hope that the reader gets a general understanding about what is going on in their section of Africa. I have learned lots of new information from doing this report, not only about the Hutus' and the Tutsis' culture, but about the whole continent of Africa. à à à à à The first topic that I will cover is about the people that make up the tribes of the Hutu and Tutsi. The total population of the country of Rwanda, where most of their events have taken place is 7,800,000. The population of the Hutus is 3,000,000 and the Tutsis number only 1,000,000. The physical traits of the Hutus and Tutsis are very different from each other. The Hutu have larger noses and larger all around facial features than the Tutsis. Most Tutsis are seldom less than six feet tall, while the Hutu are very short people. The Tutsis are related to the Masai and the people along the Nile, while the Hutus have a Buntu history. As you can see the people that make up the tribes of the Hutus and the Tutsis are a very diverse group of people. à à à à à The way of life for the Hutu and the Tutsis is considerably different. Traditionally, the Tutsi were the wealthy, upper class and the Hutu were little more than slaves. Now the power is a little more equally divided, but is still more in favor of the Tutsis. The Hutu are mainly peasant farmers, while the Tutsis are mainly animal stock breeders. One thing that the Hutu and the Tutsi have in common is that they are both a Buntu language speaking group. The basis of the natives' religion is a belief that there is a supreme principle of good known as Imana. Followers of this religion use magical amulets in their rituals. One half of the people in Rwanda are Christian, and most of the Christians are Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04003534226594966778noreply@blogger.com0